{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1556573997","doi":null,"title":"THE IMPACT OF APARTHEID AND INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS ON SOUTH AFRICA'S IMPORT DEMAND FUNCTION: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS","display_name":"THE IMPACT OF APARTHEID AND INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS ON SOUTH AFRICA'S IMPORT DEMAND FUNCTION: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1556573997","mag":"1556573997"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ibf:ijbfre:v:4:y:2010:i:4:p:11-22","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/ijbfre/ijbfr-v4n4-2010/IJBFR-V4N4-2010-2.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/ijbfre/ijbfr-v4n4-2010/IJBFR-V4N4-2010-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1875055_code1332876.pdf?abstractid=1875055&mirid=1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021104188","display_name":"Ranjini L. Thaver","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99490713","display_name":"Stetson University","ror":"https://ror.org/01efrfk30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99490713"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ranjini L. Thaver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stetson University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stetson University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99490713"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109941395","display_name":"E. M. Ekanayake","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. M. Ekanayake","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021104188"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99490713"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2485625,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"11","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9154999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9154999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.027899999171495438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13007","display_name":"Economic Sanctions and International Relations","score":0.01759999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apartheid","display_name":"apartheid","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-sanctions","display_name":"international sanctions","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/import-demand-function","display_name":"import demand function","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/import-elasticity","display_name":"import elasticity","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-exchange-reserves","display_name":"foreign exchange reserves","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-prices","display_name":"relative prices","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-imports","display_name":"oil imports","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/export-diversification","display_name":"export diversification","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance-of-payments","display_name":"balance of payments","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-policy","display_name":"trade policy","score":0.4909999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7818175554275513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098","display_name":"Sanctions","level":2,"score":0.7083390951156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145162277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751675","display_name":"Cointegration","level":2,"score":0.7046186327934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159009313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283159","display_name":"Distributed lag","level":2,"score":0.6140125393867493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204208750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519415","display_name":"Short run","level":2,"score":0.6123830080032349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776988154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66100","display_name":"Exchange rate","level":2,"score":0.558832049369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.4923774003982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134024062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401229","display_name":"Error correction model","level":3,"score":0.4732687473297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.4373733401298523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.38044196367263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.29797643423080444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.12710073590278625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ibf:ijbfre:v:4:y:2010:i:4:p:11-22","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/ijbfre/ijbfr-v4n4-2010/IJBFR-V4N4-2010-2.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/ijbfre/ijbfr-v4n4-2010/IJBFR-V4N4-2010-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:1556573997","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1875055_code1332876.pdf?abstractid=1875055&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3122481938","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ibf:ijbfre:v:4:y:2010:i:4:p:11-22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764417826","display_name":"The international journal of business and finance research","issn_l":"1931-0269","issn":["1931-0269","2157-0698"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u0098The \u009cinternational journal of business and finance research","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:1556573997","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1875055_code1332876.pdf?abstractid=1875055&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W331667891","https://openalex.org/W1846245799","https://openalex.org/W1944566983","https://openalex.org/W1966910378","https://openalex.org/W1971219241","https://openalex.org/W1985673735","https://openalex.org/W2001934079","https://openalex.org/W2004231549","https://openalex.org/W2011618272","https://openalex.org/W2017448975","https://openalex.org/W2029918117","https://openalex.org/W2034005062","https://openalex.org/W2045187747","https://openalex.org/W2046684252","https://openalex.org/W2050800843","https://openalex.org/W2054255524","https://openalex.org/W2062827059","https://openalex.org/W2069825918","https://openalex.org/W2076759108","https://openalex.org/W2105748704","https://openalex.org/W2107966644","https://openalex.org/W2148445550"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2992208853","https://openalex.org/W2013444265","https://openalex.org/W2804283335","https://openalex.org/W1606843720","https://openalex.org/W2728812572","https://openalex.org/W4210328991","https://openalex.org/W1872812931","https://openalex.org/W651991939","https://openalex.org/W7096263179","https://openalex.org/W7098596422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,92],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3,55],"ascertain":[4],"South":[5,51,185],"Africa\u2019s":[6,52],"aggregate":[7],"import":[8,67,103,115],"demand":[9,116],"function":[10],"over":[11],"the":[12,18,25,33,40,47,57,77,109,119,124,136],"period":[13,41],"1950":[14],"to":[15,22,62,134],"2008":[16],"utilizing":[17],"bounds":[19],"testing":[20],"approach":[21],"cointegration,":[23],"and":[24,65,83,143,177,182],"unrestricted":[26],"error-correction":[27],"model.":[28],"Our":[29,69],"study":[30],"empirically":[31],"investigates":[32],"impact":[34,101],"of":[35,42,79,141,171],"apartheid":[36,48,94],"(1950-1994),":[37],"in":[38,108,118,123,184],"particular":[39],"international":[43,112],"sanctions":[44,113],"(1981-1994)":[45],"against":[46],"government,":[49],"on":[50,76,89,102,139],"imports.":[53],"Further,":[54],"utilize":[56],"autoregressive":[58],"distributed":[59],"lag":[60],"model":[61],"estimate":[63],"short-run":[64,99],"long-run":[66,125],"elasticities.":[68],"results":[70],"reveal":[71],"that":[72,128],"imports":[73,140],"depend":[74],"positively":[75,117],"levels":[78],"domestic":[80],"economic":[81],"activity":[82],"foreign":[84],"exchange":[85,165],"reserves":[86],"but":[87,105,121],"negatively":[88,122],"relative":[90],"prices.":[91],"addition,":[93],"has":[95],"had":[96],"a":[97],"significant":[98],"negative":[100],"demand,":[104],"is":[106,132],"insignificant":[107],"long-run.":[110],"Furthermore,":[111],"affected":[114],"short-run,":[120],"We":[126],"argue":[127],"appropriate":[129],"public":[130],"policy":[131],"necessary":[133],"reduce":[135],"economy\u2019s":[137],"reliance":[138],"capital":[142],"intermediate":[144],"goods,":[145],"especially":[146],"oil,":[147],"while":[148],"simultaneously":[149],"diversifying":[150],"its":[151,169],"exports":[152],"base.":[153],"Strengthening":[154],"trade":[155],"relations":[156],"with":[157,178],"other":[158],"developing":[159],"countries":[160],"will":[161],"give":[162],"it":[163],"an":[164],"rate":[166],"advantage,":[167],"improve":[168],"balance":[170],"payments,":[172],"create":[173],"macroeconomic":[174],"stability,":[175],"growth,":[176],"that,":[179],"alleviate":[180],"unemployment":[181],"poverty":[183],"Africa.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
