{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1556464599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444315783.ch9","title":"Optimizing the Input: Frequency and Sampling in Usage\u2010Based and Form\u2010Focused Learning","display_name":"Optimizing the Input: Frequency and Sampling in Usage\u2010Based and Form\u2010Focused Learning","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1556464599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444315783.ch9","mag":"1556464599"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/9781444315783.ch9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444315783.ch9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444315783.ch9","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Handbook of Language Teaching","raw_type":"other"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1542914525","display_name":"The Handbook of Language Teaching"},"type":"other","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039969309","display_name":"Nick C. Ellis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4235-6481","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4235-6481"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nick C. Ellis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039969309"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":132,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"139","last_page":"158"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.5268999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.5268999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.44429999589920044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.009700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/input-frequency","display_name":"input frequency","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"sampling","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usage-based-learning","display_name":"usage-based learning","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-acquisition","display_name":"language acquisition","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construction-grammar","display_name":"construction grammar","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language-acquisition","display_name":"second language acquisition","score":0.42500001192092896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777413886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276013","display_name":"Fluency","level":2,"score":0.7970406413078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31087","display_name":"Calculator","level":2,"score":0.7558600306510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6752008199691772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.6599969267845154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.569068193435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.4672897458076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.46569880843162537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37738046050071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.33815181255340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.2600547671318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19019919633865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07425332069396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/9781444315783.ch9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444315783.ch9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444315783.ch9","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Handbook of Language Teaching","raw_type":"other"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.7799999713897705}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51494718","https://openalex.org/W398461327","https://openalex.org/W410247960","https://openalex.org/W638583282","https://openalex.org/W1486114846","https://openalex.org/W1488376349","https://openalex.org/W1502101714","https://openalex.org/W1521255875","https://openalex.org/W1533617163","https://openalex.org/W1548755039","https://openalex.org/W1550933260","https://openalex.org/W1558866924","https://openalex.org/W1559573476","https://openalex.org/W1576510351","https://openalex.org/W1584697775","https://openalex.org/W1966876874","https://openalex.org/W1967461618","https://openalex.org/W1970751875","https://openalex.org/W1976810836","https://openalex.org/W1980240171","https://openalex.org/W1984214648","https://openalex.org/W1995952689","https://openalex.org/W1996250712","https://openalex.org/W2001185940","https://openalex.org/W2003043395","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2021461858","https://openalex.org/W2024311997","https://openalex.org/W2029015076","https://openalex.org/W2029108837","https://openalex.org/W2030007850","https://openalex.org/W2043343155","https://openalex.org/W2045830397","https://openalex.org/W2050715692","https://openalex.org/W2053782355","https://openalex.org/W2055290424","https://openalex.org/W2057345692","https://openalex.org/W2059799772","https://openalex.org/W2059975159","https://openalex.org/W2067242602","https://openalex.org/W2071389790","https://openalex.org/W2075446875","https://openalex.org/W2079730890","https://openalex.org/W2079824254","https://openalex.org/W2086677051","https://openalex.org/W2088563966","https://openalex.org/W2091150000","https://openalex.org/W2091579301","https://openalex.org/W2094492495","https://openalex.org/W2105544934","https://openalex.org/W2108300589","https://openalex.org/W2110176263","https://openalex.org/W2111554412","https://openalex.org/W2115638257","https://openalex.org/W2120409145","https://openalex.org/W2129668249","https://openalex.org/W2130454225","https://openalex.org/W2130457835","https://openalex.org/W2135088505","https://openalex.org/W2140231764","https://openalex.org/W2144209400","https://openalex.org/W2145569473","https://openalex.org/W2147593305","https://openalex.org/W2159875608","https://openalex.org/W2162693531","https://openalex.org/W2163126600","https://openalex.org/W2163539051","https://openalex.org/W2168356776","https://openalex.org/W2264155890","https://openalex.org/W2334905547","https://openalex.org/W2476269855","https://openalex.org/W2497668147","https://openalex.org/W2506518494","https://openalex.org/W2536238420","https://openalex.org/W2587573685","https://openalex.org/W2893297702","https://openalex.org/W2953567847","https://openalex.org/W3129857645","https://openalex.org/W4236012820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099788888","https://openalex.org/W3150348350","https://openalex.org/W7048832128","https://openalex.org/W2797770366","https://openalex.org/W3084361245","https://openalex.org/W2120409145","https://openalex.org/W601747453","https://openalex.org/W2475735132","https://openalex.org/W7047104264","https://openalex.org/W7073832515"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"chapter":[1],"contains":[2],"sections":[3],"titled:":[4],"Estimating":[5],"How":[6],"Language":[7,18,41],"Works:":[8],"From":[9],"Tokens":[10],"to":[11,13],"Types":[12],"System":[14],"The":[15,40],"Units":[16],"of":[17,26,35],"Acquisition":[19],"Acquiring":[20],"Constructions":[21],"Frequency":[22,31],"and":[23,32,38],"the":[24,29,33],"Roles":[25],"Input":[27],"Tuning":[28],"System:":[30],"Attainment":[34],"Nativelike":[36],"Fluency":[37],"Selection":[39],"Calculator":[42],"Has":[43],"No":[44],"\u201cClear\u201d":[45],"Button":[46],"References":[47]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}