{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1555196832","doi":null,"title":"Regional income convergence and inequality in boom and bust. Results from micro data in Finland 1971-2000, and especially during the 1990s","display_name":"Regional income convergence and inequality in boom and bust. Results from micro data in Finland 1971-2000, and especially during the 1990s","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1555196832","mag":"1555196832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wiw:wiwrsa:ersa03p514","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www-sre.wu.ac.at/ersa/ersaconfs/ersa03/cdrom/papers/514.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www-sre.wu.ac.at/ersa/ersaconfs/ersa03/cdrom/papers/514.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/116227","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091135173","display_name":"Heikki A. Loikkanen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-185X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-185X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heikki A. Loikkanen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000257628","display_name":"Marja Riihel\u00e4","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marja Riihel\u00e4","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072262661","display_name":"Risto Sullstr\u00f6m","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Risto Sullstr\u00f6m","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.9375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.9375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14051","display_name":"Regional Economic Trends and Sectoral Structure","score":0.01860000006854534,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.008700000122189522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-income-convergence","display_name":"regional income convergence","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-disparities","display_name":"regional disparities","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boom-bust-cycles","display_name":"boom-bust cycles","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finnish-regions","display_name":"Finnish regions","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helsinki-metropolitan-area","display_name":"Helsinki metropolitan area","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disposable-income","display_name":"disposable income","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-distribution","display_name":"income distribution","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-state","display_name":"welfare state","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1990s-economic-crisis","display_name":"1990s economic crisis","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-liberalization","display_name":"financial liberalization","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tax-reform","display_name":"tax reform","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/it-industry","display_name":"IT industry","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gini-coefficient","display_name":"Gini coefficient","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-entropy","display_name":"generalized entropy","score":0.7979999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6656419634819031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778929795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17489160","display_name":"Bust","level":3,"score":0.6044935584068298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.5938668847084045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141441539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970908","display_name":"Boom","level":2,"score":0.5894472599029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5884041786193848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.5779001712799072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.5176416039466858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519300510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3915542","display_name":"Income distribution","level":3,"score":0.5043174028396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.49188804626464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779206190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162455","display_name":"Gini coefficient","level":4,"score":0.4807293713092804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.20906835794448853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wiw:wiwrsa:ersa03p514","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www-sre.wu.ac.at/ersa/ersaconfs/ersa03/cdrom/papers/514.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www-sre.wu.ac.at/ersa/ersaconfs/ersa03/cdrom/papers/514.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/116227","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/116227","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/116227","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:conferenceObject"},{"id":"mag:1555196832","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:wiw:wiwrsa:ersa03p514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3149357527","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/wiw/wiwrsa/ersa03p514.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306509694","display_name":"ERSA conference papers","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ERSA conference papers","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/116227","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/116227","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/116227","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.8974000215530396},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.41670000553131104}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1555196832.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1555196832.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W18701527","https://openalex.org/W1481684667","https://openalex.org/W1481642017","https://openalex.org/W2122551590","https://openalex.org/W2111250914","https://openalex.org/W2079960679","https://openalex.org/W7212205852","https://openalex.org/W7005499628","https://openalex.org/W2083478408","https://openalex.org/W2009031642"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,285],"use":[1],"micro":[2],"(Household":[3],"Survey":[4],"and":[5,16,25,40,48,84,105,122,148,194,218,230,263,278,283],"Income":[6],"Distribution":[7],"Statistics)":[8],"data":[9,101],"to":[10,34,43,82,128,206,260,264,289],"study":[11],"income":[12,36,107,164],"differences":[13,165],"both":[14,214,227],"between":[15],"within":[17,49],"four":[18],"major":[19,223],"regions":[20,117,224],"(Helsinki":[21],"region,":[22],"Southern,":[23],"Middle":[24],"Northern":[26],"Finland)":[27],"during":[28,60],"1971-2000.":[29],"The":[30],"former":[31],"is":[32],"related":[33],"regional":[35,251,281],"convergence":[37,114],"vs.":[38],"divergence":[39],"the":[41,88,91,95,129,139,143,153,159,178,186,199,220,244,256,274],"latter":[42],"inequality":[44,173,204,235,254],"at":[45,177,215,219],"national":[46,216],"level":[47,217,221],"regions.":[50],"Besides":[51],"long-term":[52],"developments,":[53],"we":[54,125,247],"are":[55],"interested":[56],"in":[57,65,142,152,162,188,202,243,255],"what":[58],"happened":[59],"boom-bust-boom":[61],"period":[62,246],"that":[63,110,273],"began":[64,201,205,259],"late":[66],"1980s.":[67,132],"It":[68],"included":[69],"besides":[70],"economic":[71],"turmoil":[72],"also":[73,141,185,271,286],"institutional":[74],"changes":[75],"ranging":[76],"from":[77],"financial":[78],"liberalization,":[79],"tax":[80],"reforms":[81],"EU":[83],"EMU":[85],"membership.":[86],"Also":[87],"structure":[89],"of":[90,97,131,145,222,226,232,293],"economy":[92],"changed":[93],"with":[94],"rise":[96],"IT":[98],"industry.":[99],"Micro":[100],"based":[102],"(factor,":[103],"gross":[104],"disposable)":[106],"measures":[108],"indicate":[109,272],"there":[111],"has":[112],"been":[113],"among":[115],"Finnish":[116],"over":[118],"time,":[119],"more":[120,136],"earlier":[121,262],"less":[123,138],"when":[124,191],"come":[126],"closer":[127],"end":[130],"Regional":[133],"disparities":[134,282],"remained":[135,174],"or":[137],"same":[140,179],"depression":[144],"early":[146,189],"1990s,":[147,190],"increased":[149,196],"only":[150],"slightly":[151],"subsequent":[154],"boom.":[155],"As":[156],"for":[157],"inequality,":[158],"greatest":[160],"decline":[161],"(disposable)":[163],"since":[166],"1971":[167],"took":[168],"place":[169],"before":[170],"mid-1980s,":[171],"thereafter":[172],"pretty":[175],"much":[176],"level.":[180],"Somewhat":[181],"surprisingly,":[182],"this":[183],"was":[184],"case":[187],"output":[192],"dropped":[193],"unemployment":[195],"dramatically.":[197],"When":[198],"recovery":[200,245],"mid-1990s":[203],"increase":[207,261],"rapidly.":[208],"These":[209],"developments":[210],"were":[211],"surprisingly":[212],"similar":[213],"thinking":[225],"time":[228],"profiles":[229],"levels":[231],"most":[233],"typical":[234],"indicators":[236],"(Gini":[237],"coefficients,":[238],"generalised":[239],"entropy":[240],"measures).":[241],"Only":[242],"could":[248],"detect":[249],"clear":[250],"divergences":[252],"as":[253],"Helsinki":[257],"Region":[258],"greater":[265],"extent":[266],"than":[267],"elsewhere.":[268],"Our":[269],"results":[270],"Welfare":[275],"State":[276],"(transfers":[277],"taxation)":[279],"decreases":[280],"inequality.":[284,294],"consider":[287],"poverty":[288],"supplement":[290],"our":[291],"analysis":[292]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}