{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1555178263","doi":null,"title":"Crohn's disease.","display_name":"Crohn's disease.","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1555178263","mag":"1555178263","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19450352","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2943777"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2631911","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3217808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3217808","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032446196","display_name":"Alexander C. von Roon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801017582","display_name":"Lister Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05hrg0j24","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801017582","https://openalex.org/I4210122718"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander C von Roon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College, London, UK","Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801017582"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"George E Reese","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George E Reese","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023170379","display_name":"Timothy R. Orchard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3358-663X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3358-663X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy R Orchard","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076036301","display_name":"Paris P Tekkis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paris P Tekkis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2633,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62988736,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2007","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10134","display_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10134","display_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11194","display_name":"Ocular Diseases and Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Syndrome","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11865","display_name":"Anorectal Disease Treatments and Outcomes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crohn-s-disease","display_name":"Crohn's disease","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-bowel-crohn-s-disease","display_name":"small bowel Crohn's disease","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonic-crohn-s-disease","display_name":"colonic Crohn's disease","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remission-induction","display_name":"remission induction","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remission-maintenance","display_name":"remission maintenance","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aminosalicylates","display_name":"aminosalicylates","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotics","display_name":"antibiotics","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azathioprine","display_name":"azathioprine","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/6-mercaptopurine","display_name":"6-mercaptopurine","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclosporine","display_name":"cyclosporine","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corticosteroids","display_name":"corticosteroids","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enteral-nutrition","display_name":"enteral nutrition","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-oil","display_name":"fish oil","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infliximab","display_name":"infliximab","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methotrexate","display_name":"methotrexate","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probiotics","display_name":"probiotics","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-resection","display_name":"surgical resection","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmental-colectomy","display_name":"segmental colectomy","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strictureplasty","display_name":"strictureplasty","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-cessation","display_name":"smoking cessation","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifestyle-intervention","display_name":"lifestyle intervention","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granulomatous-inflammation","display_name":"granulomatous inflammation","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fistula","display_name":"fistula","score":0.921999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8979388475418091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777138892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415264","display_name":"Infliximab","level":3,"score":0.7409138679504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18939","display_name":"Azathioprine","level":3,"score":0.6673699617385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.6561828851699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779280984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472","display_name":"Crohn's disease","level":3,"score":0.6231285333633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5961140394210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776478404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105187","display_name":"Cochrane Library","level":3,"score":0.588989794254303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.5444170236587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.5266989469528198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.5035669207572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.4770630896091461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.46765202283859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778260677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917447","display_name":"Inflammatory bowel disease","level":3,"score":0.4439448118209839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3222464323043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.31526434421539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000284","descriptor_name":"Administration, Oral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000305","descriptor_name":"Adrenal Cortex Hormones","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001379","descriptor_name":"Azathioprine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003082","descriptor_name":"Colectomy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003424","descriptor_name":"Crohn Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004750","descriptor_name":"Enteral Nutrition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008019","descriptor_name":"Life Style","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012074","descriptor_name":"Remission Induction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2631911","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3217808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:19450352","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19450352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ clinical evidence","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmid:21406129","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21406129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ clinical evidence","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmid:21524318","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21524318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ clinical evidence","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2943777","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2943777/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Clin Evid","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3217808","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3217808/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Clin Evid","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:1555178263","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21406129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2631911","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3217808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":137,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505961841","https://openalex.org/W1506954839","https://openalex.org/W1514401063","https://openalex.org/W1519025828","https://openalex.org/W1566989661","https://openalex.org/W1573810982","https://openalex.org/W1666594451","https://openalex.org/W1724384081","https://openalex.org/W1761355724","https://openalex.org/W1774343840","https://openalex.org/W1788195765","https://openalex.org/W1793113882","https://openalex.org/W1816964119","https://openalex.org/W1849173567","https://openalex.org/W1862031365","https://openalex.org/W1902713891","https://openalex.org/W1921816141","https://openalex.org/W1932727195","https://openalex.org/W1942375802","https://openalex.org/W1961133398","https://openalex.org/W1967798863","https://openalex.org/W1970895990","https://openalex.org/W1971012473","https://openalex.org/W1971273988","https://openalex.org/W1976315499","https://openalex.org/W1976450674","https://openalex.org/W1979236956","https://openalex.org/W1980771888","https://openalex.org/W1981815093","https://openalex.org/W1981817438","https://openalex.org/W1982834592","https://openalex.org/W1990111548","https://openalex.org/W1992118657","https://openalex.org/W1993799503","https://openalex.org/W1995768930","https://openalex.org/W1997999969","https://openalex.org/W1999251143","https://openalex.org/W2003608585","https://openalex.org/W2007561633","https://openalex.org/W2009678756","https://openalex.org/W2011597057","https://openalex.org/W2011865678","https://openalex.org/W2013577879","https://openalex.org/W2013714693","https://openalex.org/W2014523285","https://openalex.org/W2018603454","https://openalex.org/W2019323211","https://openalex.org/W2020119586","https://openalex.org/W2020953325","https://openalex.org/W2021015942","https://openalex.org/W2022186535","https://openalex.org/W2024162533","https://openalex.org/W2027812459","https://openalex.org/W2030538375","https://openalex.org/W2030681314","https://openalex.org/W2031224084","https://openalex.org/W2031443391","https://openalex.org/W2036139910","https://openalex.org/W2050431295","https://openalex.org/W2051969645","https://openalex.org/W2052822978","https://openalex.org/W2054822000","https://openalex.org/W2055241086","https://openalex.org/W2055266605","https://openalex.org/W2060269054","https://openalex.org/W2061687190","https://openalex.org/W2064952045","https://openalex.org/W2065637841","https://openalex.org/W2065644803","https://openalex.org/W2069108699","https://openalex.org/W2070360201","https://openalex.org/W2072179061","https://openalex.org/W2075583371","https://openalex.org/W2081135977","https://openalex.org/W2081689742","https://openalex.org/W2081754558","https://openalex.org/W2083950322","https://openalex.org/W2085368778","https://openalex.org/W2087176461","https://openalex.org/W2088383784","https://openalex.org/W2090685459","https://openalex.org/W2093333592","https://openalex.org/W2094447990","https://openalex.org/W2094464340","https://openalex.org/W2097979070","https://openalex.org/W2098638622","https://openalex.org/W2100942700","https://openalex.org/W2102242005","https://openalex.org/W2103771634","https://openalex.org/W2104387234","https://openalex.org/W2104784902","https://openalex.org/W2111446303","https://openalex.org/W2112907719","https://openalex.org/W2113644441","https://openalex.org/W2114214481","https://openalex.org/W2116967999","https://openalex.org/W2117169602","https://openalex.org/W2117212747","https://openalex.org/W2118104319","https://openalex.org/W2119591540","https://openalex.org/W2120486443","https://openalex.org/W2121668473","https://openalex.org/W2122713666","https://openalex.org/W2124371421","https://openalex.org/W2125946338","https://openalex.org/W2126510103","https://openalex.org/W2127693350","https://openalex.org/W2128474861","https://openalex.org/W2131658002","https://openalex.org/W2135433890","https://openalex.org/W2137673453","https://openalex.org/W2144550346","https://openalex.org/W2145135012","https://openalex.org/W2145635946","https://openalex.org/W2147714125","https://openalex.org/W2149756516","https://openalex.org/W2150998085","https://openalex.org/W2153160957","https://openalex.org/W2154221819","https://openalex.org/W2154226027","https://openalex.org/W2154461303","https://openalex.org/W2164931745","https://openalex.org/W2165107045","https://openalex.org/W2167705574","https://openalex.org/W2169126875","https://openalex.org/W2171341132","https://openalex.org/W2321453230","https://openalex.org/W2322802533","https://openalex.org/W2323383014","https://openalex.org/W2326745462","https://openalex.org/W2331622494","https://openalex.org/W2337873391","https://openalex.org/W2340491704","https://openalex.org/W2510350041","https://openalex.org/W2915588979","https://openalex.org/W4250573073","https://openalex.org/W4253416914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4243823034","https://openalex.org/W3140318044","https://openalex.org/W2989996684","https://openalex.org/W4205501288","https://openalex.org/W4417535942","https://openalex.org/W2611142513","https://openalex.org/W1952529329","https://openalex.org/W2330177109","https://openalex.org/W4391161950","https://openalex.org/W2030780375"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Crohn's":[1,76,94,110,125,146],"disease":[2],"is":[3,12,32],"a":[4,21,25,52],"chronic":[5],"condition":[6],"of":[7,67,82,100,116,137,178,236],"the":[8,59,65,80,98,114,135,174,190,198,232,237],"gastrointestinal":[9],"tract.":[10],"It":[11],"characterised":[13],"by":[14],"transmural,":[15],"granulomatous":[16],"inflammation":[17],"that":[18,217],"occurs":[19],"in":[20,73,90,106,122,143],"discontinuous":[22],"pattern,":[23],"with":[24,75,92,108,124,145],"tendency":[26],"to":[27,57,70,85,103,119,128,140,160,231],"form":[28],"fistulae.":[29],"The":[30,152],"cause":[31],"unknown":[33],"but":[34],"may":[35],"depend":[36],"on":[37],"interactions":[38],"between":[39],"genetic":[40],"predisposition,":[41],"environmental":[42],"triggers,":[43],"and":[44,55,87,127,155,193,197,201,234,258],"mucosal":[45],"immunity.":[46],"METHODS":[47],"AND":[48],"OUTCOMES:":[49],"We":[50,148,181,208],"conducted":[51],"systematic":[53,211,225],"review":[54,226],"aimed":[56],"answer":[58],"following":[60,131,238],"clinical":[61],"questions:":[62],"What":[63,78,96,112,133],"are":[64,79,97,113,134,166],"effects":[66,81,99,115,136],"medical":[68,117],"treatments":[69],"induce":[71,86,104],"remission":[72,89,105,121,130,142],"adults":[74,91,107,123,144],"disease?":[77,95,111,147],"surgical":[83,101],"interventions":[84,102,118,139],"maintain":[88,120,129,141],"small-bowel":[93],"colonic":[109],"disease;":[126],"surgery?":[132],"lifestyle":[138],"searched:":[149],"Medline,":[150],"Embase,":[151],"Cochrane":[153],"Library,":[154],"other":[156],"important":[157],"databases":[158],"up":[159],"December":[161],"2009":[162],"(Clinical":[163],"Evidence":[164],"reviews":[165],"updated":[167],"periodically,":[168],"please":[169],"check":[170],"our":[171,219],"website":[172],"for":[173],"most":[175],"up-to-date":[176],"version":[177],"this":[179,224],"review).":[180],"included":[182],"harms":[183],"alerts":[184],"from":[185],"relevant":[186],"organisations":[187],"such":[188],"as":[189],"US":[191],"Food":[192],"Drug":[194],"Administration":[195],"(FDA)":[196],"UK":[199],"Medicines":[200],"Healthcare":[202],"products":[203],"Regulatory":[204],"Agency":[205],"(MHRA).":[206],"RESULTS:":[207],"found":[209],"93":[210],"reviews,":[212],"RCTs,":[213],"or":[214],"observational":[215],"studies":[216],"met":[218],"inclusion":[220],"criteria.":[221],"CONCLUSIONS:":[222],"In":[223],"we":[227],"present":[228],"information":[229],"relating":[230],"effectiveness":[233],"safety":[235],"interventions:":[239],"aminosalicylates,":[240],"antibiotics,":[241],"azathioprine/mercaptopurine,":[242],"ciclosporin,":[243],"corticosteroids":[244],"(oral),":[245],"enteral":[246],"nutrition,":[247],"fish":[248],"oil,":[249],"infliximab,":[250],"methotrexate,":[251],"probiotics,":[252],"resection,":[253],"segmental":[254],"colectomy,":[255],"smoking":[256],"cessation,":[257],"strictureplasty.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
