{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1554875783","doi":null,"title":"Trust and Trustworthiness in the Fourth and Fifth Estates","display_name":"Trust and Trustworthiness in the Fourth and Fifth Estates","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1554875783","mag":"1554875783"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ijoc.org:article/435","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/435","pdf_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/435/296","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191319304","display_name":"International journal of communication","issn_l":"1932-8036","issn":["1932-8036"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323293532","host_organization_name":"USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323293532"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1932-8036","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/435/296","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011217265","display_name":"Richard Collins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5446-2943","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5446-2943"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","display_name":"The Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mzfcs16","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard Collins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Open University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5446-2943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Open University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011217265"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.678,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94471727,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"26","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"News Media Framing and Political Communication","score":0.49000000953674316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"News Media Framing and Political Communication","score":0.49000000953674316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13625","display_name":"Journalism and Media Studies","score":0.391400009393692,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13745","display_name":"Media and Digital Communication","score":0.06040000170469284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-in-media","display_name":"media trust","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"trustworthiness","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-media","display_name":"mass media","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-2-0","display_name":"Web 2.0","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interactivity","display_name":"interactivity","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-norms","display_name":"professional norms","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-regulation","display_name":"self-regulation","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-service-broadcasting","display_name":"public service broadcasting","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ofcom","display_name":"Ofcom","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bbc","display_name":"BBC","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-regulation","display_name":"media regulation","score":0.414000004529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144430266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839721","display_name":"Interactivity","level":2,"score":0.7598758935928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.7195066213607788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108154423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469792","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","level":2,"score":0.6405260562896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5475720167160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778679518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025969","display_name":"Dialogic","level":2,"score":0.5463188886642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200288055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621792","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","level":2,"score":0.5413522720336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4934050142765045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558299567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11033","display_name":"Mass media","level":2,"score":0.46709105372428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.46070683002471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.43659693002700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3641120195388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35802900791168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.27615493535995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.25803065299987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.20615702867507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15044444799423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ijoc.org:article/435","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/435","pdf_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/435/296","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191319304","display_name":"International journal of communication","issn_l":"1932-8036","issn":["1932-8036"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323293532","host_organization_name":"USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323293532"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1932-8036","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.hud.ac.uk:17620","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/17620/1/296.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/17620/1/296.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401852","display_name":"University of Huddersfield Repository (University of Huddersfield)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","host_organization_name":"University of Huddersfield","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.city.ac.uk:3886","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/view/creators_id/richard=2Ecollins=2E2.html>","pdf_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/3886/1/Trust%20and%20trustworthiness%20in%20the%20fourth%20and%20fifth%20estates.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401940","display_name":"City Research Online (City University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","host_organization_name":"City, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oro.open.ac.uk:16493","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://oro.open.ac.uk/16493/","pdf_url":"http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc/article/view/435","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401187","display_name":"Open Research Online (The Open University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","host_organization_name":"The Open University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2d2ce09384544c37b2a7c5cf92513b99","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2d2ce09384544c37b2a7c5cf92513b99","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Communication, Vol 3 (2008)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b5b395a4fe54409da84fff979d732f29","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b5b395a4fe54409da84fff979d732f29","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Communication, Vol 3 (2008)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ee8dd3fb06ca4e65aaf8052bbcce9bb6","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ee8dd3fb06ca4e65aaf8052bbcce9bb6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Communication, Vol 3 (2008)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:1554875783","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/17620/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191319304","display_name":"International journal of communication","issn_l":"1932-8036","issn":["1932-8036"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323293532","host_organization_name":"USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323293532"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International journal of communication","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ijoc.org:article/435","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/435","pdf_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/435/296","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191319304","display_name":"International journal of communication","issn_l":"1932-8036","issn":["1932-8036"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323293532","host_organization_name":"USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323293532"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1932-8036","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1554875783.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1554875783.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19722951","https://openalex.org/W59449050","https://openalex.org/W116360587","https://openalex.org/W137750717","https://openalex.org/W580989190","https://openalex.org/W1509004395","https://openalex.org/W1533994623","https://openalex.org/W1539013028","https://openalex.org/W1541515907","https://openalex.org/W1553831071","https://openalex.org/W1557281555","https://openalex.org/W1560718776","https://openalex.org/W1848883898","https://openalex.org/W1966046759","https://openalex.org/W1974472540","https://openalex.org/W1987710704","https://openalex.org/W1995486696","https://openalex.org/W1997935996","https://openalex.org/W2010578928","https://openalex.org/W2015930340","https://openalex.org/W2022534564","https://openalex.org/W2033737037","https://openalex.org/W2062199894","https://openalex.org/W2064062304","https://openalex.org/W2112730414","https://openalex.org/W2118134033","https://openalex.org/W2118549945","https://openalex.org/W2135409175","https://openalex.org/W2147264455","https://openalex.org/W2160169172","https://openalex.org/W2163758341","https://openalex.org/W2317109768","https://openalex.org/W2475605626","https://openalex.org/W2480289130","https://openalex.org/W2483704636","https://openalex.org/W2506939627","https://openalex.org/W2523192323","https://openalex.org/W2799121301","https://openalex.org/W2970021527","https://openalex.org/W3149953018"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097772309","https://openalex.org/W1516111775","https://openalex.org/W4243322117","https://openalex.org/W2483704636","https://openalex.org/W7135817683","https://openalex.org/W7140214629","https://openalex.org/W6990019914","https://openalex.org/W7160395704","https://openalex.org/W2957329639","https://openalex.org/W1485132104"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"high":[1],"contemporary":[2],"salience":[3],"in":[4,24,30,57,106,116,161],"the":[5,9,19,28,31,35,51,58,68,79,93,110,127,132,154,165,168],"social":[6],"sciences":[7],"of":[8,11,34,53,135,149,158,167],"topics":[10],"\"trust\"":[12],"and":[13,37,55,63,90,109,113,140,153,156],"\"trustworthiness\"":[14],"has":[15,138],"focused":[16],"attention":[17],"on":[18,73,89,121],"mass":[20,32,59],"media\u2019s":[21],"putative":[22],"role":[23],"eroding":[25],"trust.":[26],"Intrinsically,":[27],"absence":[29],"media":[33,60,99,125],"dialogic":[36,112],"interactive":[38,114],"element":[39],"to":[40,82,163],"trust":[41,54,100],"building":[42,101],"identified":[43],"by":[44,67],"O\u2019":[45],"Neill":[46],"(2002)":[47],"may":[48],"suggest":[49],"that":[50],"lack":[52],"trustworthiness":[56,166],"is":[61],"structural":[62],"recent":[64],"penalties":[65],"imposed":[66],"UK":[69,74,122],"communication":[70],"regulator,":[71],"Ofcom,":[72],"public":[75],"service":[76],"broadcasters":[77],"including":[78],"BBC":[80],"seem":[81],"support":[83],"such":[84],"a":[85,147],"view.":[86],"However,":[87],"drawing":[88],"adapting":[91],"O\u2019Neill,":[92],"author":[94,128],"identifies":[95,129],"two":[96],"distinct":[97],"potential":[98],"strategies:":[102],"one":[103],"procedural":[104],"(based":[105],"professional":[107],"norms)":[108],"second":[111],"(nascent":[115],"\u201cWeb":[117],"2.0\u201d":[118],"applications).":[119],"Focusing":[120],"Web":[123],"2.0":[124],"sites":[126],"instances":[130],"where":[131],"\"dialogic\"":[133],"character":[134],"\"Web":[136,150],"2.0\"":[137,151],"established":[139],"enhanced":[141],"trustworthiness.":[142],"He":[143],"argues":[144],"normatively":[145],"for":[146],"combination":[148],"interactivity":[152],"adoption":[155],"implementation":[157],"self-regulatory":[159],"codes":[160],"order":[162],"enhance":[164],"media.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
