{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1554201985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/27/22/223201","title":"The 100th anniversary of the four-point probe technique: the role of probe geometries in isotropic and anisotropic systems","display_name":"The 100th anniversary of the four-point probe technique: the role of probe geometries in isotropic and anisotropic systems","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1554201985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/27/22/223201","mag":"1554201985","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25985184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0953-8984/27/22/223201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/27/22/223201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/27/22/223201","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/27/22/223201/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190924190","display_name":"Journal of Physics Condensed Matter","issn_l":"0953-8984","issn":["0953-8984","1361-648X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/27/22/223201/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029426206","display_name":"Ilio Miccoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2234-9919","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2234-9919"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142910587","display_name":"University of Salento","ror":"https://ror.org/03fc1k060","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142910587"]}],"countries":["DE","IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I Miccoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, Universit\u00e0 del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy","Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, Universit\u00e0 del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy","Institut f\u00fcr Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, Universit\u00e0 del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103","https://openalex.org/I142910587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, Universit\u00e0 del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142910587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072974730","display_name":"Frederik Edler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-4504","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-4504"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Edler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087942293","display_name":"H. Pfn\u00fcr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1568-4209","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1568-4209"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H Pfn\u00fcr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066279529","display_name":"Christoph Tegenkamp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0453-0765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0453-0765"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Tegenkamp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Festk\u00f6rperphysik, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029426206"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103","https://openalex.org/I142910587"],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"fwci":12.4233,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":616,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99214191,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"22","first_page":"223201","last_page":"223201"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13531","display_name":"Surface and Thin Film Phenomena","score":0.28540000319480896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13531","display_name":"Surface and Thin Film Phenomena","score":0.28540000319480896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.17419999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13251","display_name":"Electrical and Thermal Properties of Materials","score":0.1298999935388565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-resistivity","display_name":"electrical resistivity","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conductivity-measurement","display_name":"conductivity measurement","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probe-geometry","display_name":"probe geometry","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anisotropic-materials","display_name":"anisotropic materials","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correction-factors","display_name":"correction factors","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-thickness","display_name":"sample thickness","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-size-effects","display_name":"sample size effects","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanostructures","display_name":"nanostructures","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-tunneling-microscopy","display_name":"scanning tunneling microscopy","score":0.6460000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184050105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273163","display_name":"Isotropy","level":2,"score":0.8196674585342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85725439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686","display_name":"Anisotropy","level":2,"score":0.6910730004310608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142259097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891314","display_name":"Homogeneity (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6445843577384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.5675508975982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5272212028503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108225325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456","display_name":"Semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.4917469322681427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4791369140148163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4518243670463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69990965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","level":2,"score":0.4136286675930023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.4129890203475952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.37681883573532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.37051740288734436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3662239909172058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.3655095398426056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.3612615466117859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3336336016654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2904878854751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2803829312324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23347929120063782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2167283594608307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.16933101415634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.12020289897918701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1031484603881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09801426529884338}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0953-8984/27/22/223201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/27/22/223201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/27/22/223201","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/27/22/223201/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190924190","display_name":"Journal of Physics Condensed Matter","issn_l":"0953-8984","issn":["0953-8984","1361-648X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25985184","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25985184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repo.uni-hannover.de:123456789/397","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repo.uni-hannover.de/handle/123456789/397","pdf_url":"https://repo.uni-hannover.de/bitstreams/11edddf6-9a4f-4ff3-8dd9-8c20638f41d4/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401575","display_name":"Institutional Repository of Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover (Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","host_organization_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Physics - Condensed Matter 27 (2015), Nr. 22","raw_type":"doc-type:Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repo.uni-hannover.de:123456789/397","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/handle/123456789/397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401575","display_name":"Institutional Repository of Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover (Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","host_organization_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Physics - Condensed Matter 27 (2015), Nr. 22","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"doi:10.15488/374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15488/374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15488/374","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052956","display_name":"Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0953-8984/27/22/223201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/27/22/223201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/27/22/223201","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/27/22/223201/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190924190","display_name":"Journal of Physics Condensed Matter","issn_l":"0953-8984","issn":["0953-8984","1361-648X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1032002168","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FOR\u00a01700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2213298703","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Te 386/9-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334763","display_name":"Leibniz-Gemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/01n6r0e97"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1554201985.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1554201985.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204860953","https://openalex.org/W1175499473","https://openalex.org/W1515543311","https://openalex.org/W1548737815","https://openalex.org/W1615156417","https://openalex.org/W1964513943","https://openalex.org/W1969832986","https://openalex.org/W1973138237","https://openalex.org/W1973572951","https://openalex.org/W1976530728","https://openalex.org/W1979013319","https://openalex.org/W1979170593","https://openalex.org/W1985330194","https://openalex.org/W1985698115","https://openalex.org/W1988355739","https://openalex.org/W1996198943","https://openalex.org/W1996680874","https://openalex.org/W1999743588","https://openalex.org/W2002748705","https://openalex.org/W2004652967","https://openalex.org/W2011583713","https://openalex.org/W2016595174","https://openalex.org/W2021295328","https://openalex.org/W2024437894","https://openalex.org/W2024768585","https://openalex.org/W2025681170","https://openalex.org/W2027709986","https://openalex.org/W2030157022","https://openalex.org/W2031650743","https://openalex.org/W2032205140","https://openalex.org/W2032741577","https://openalex.org/W2033420758","https://openalex.org/W2033835003","https://openalex.org/W2033987078","https://openalex.org/W2035974690","https://openalex.org/W2037593250","https://openalex.org/W2039131895","https://openalex.org/W2039176372","https://openalex.org/W2041004892","https://openalex.org/W2041219104","https://openalex.org/W2041923489","https://openalex.org/W2048266025","https://openalex.org/W2051270976","https://openalex.org/W2052293594","https://openalex.org/W2057715150","https://openalex.org/W2058997757","https://openalex.org/W2061157254","https://openalex.org/W2064494508","https://openalex.org/W2067426399","https://openalex.org/W2068069207","https://openalex.org/W2072936957","https://openalex.org/W2073058492","https://openalex.org/W2076361389","https://openalex.org/W2076782736","https://openalex.org/W2078984085","https://openalex.org/W2079485970","https://openalex.org/W2081445667","https://openalex.org/W2082570216","https://openalex.org/W2086103622","https://openalex.org/W2088683314","https://openalex.org/W2089845610","https://openalex.org/W2090321876","https://openalex.org/W2091286255","https://openalex.org/W2093508369","https://openalex.org/W2094548446","https://openalex.org/W2097028936","https://openalex.org/W2102499262","https://openalex.org/W2103805377","https://openalex.org/W2105219199","https://openalex.org/W2112463683","https://openalex.org/W2112636637","https://openalex.org/W2113552779","https://openalex.org/W2116268182","https://openalex.org/W2117935720","https://openalex.org/W2137464302","https://openalex.org/W2155727422","https://openalex.org/W2160677284","https://openalex.org/W2165107064","https://openalex.org/W2259428289","https://openalex.org/W2313299119","https://openalex.org/W2327823898","https://openalex.org/W2490765418","https://openalex.org/W2747819645","https://openalex.org/W3147289055","https://openalex.org/W4231535762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000958966","https://openalex.org/W2024768585","https://openalex.org/W2081658813","https://openalex.org/W2755544209","https://openalex.org/W1988355739","https://openalex.org/W2050137129","https://openalex.org/W2063215426","https://openalex.org/W2397779012","https://openalex.org/W2155727422","https://openalex.org/W2393175863"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"electrical":[1],"conductivity":[2,64],"of":[3,62,76,82,103,111,129,133,159,178,236,249],"solid-state":[4],"matter":[5],"is":[6,50,65,110],"a":[7,66,221],"fundamental":[8,54],"physical":[9],"property":[10],"and":[11,49,55,101,147,172,176],"can":[12,116,232],"be":[13,118],"precisely":[14],"derived":[15],"from":[16,27,162],"the":[17,21,59,63,74,77,80,83,98,104,108,127,130,134,160,163,173,179,184,195,237,247],"resistance":[18],"measured":[19,164],"via":[20],"four-point":[22,135],"probe":[23,99,136,208],"technique":[24],"excluding":[25],"contributions":[26],"parasitic":[28],"contact":[29,185],"resistances.":[30],"Over":[31],"time,":[32],"this":[33,143,229,263],"method":[34],"has":[35],"become":[36],"an":[37,156],"interdisciplinary":[38],"characterization":[39],"tool":[40],"in":[41,142,262],"materials":[42],"science,":[43],"semiconductor":[44],"industries,":[45],"geology,":[46],"physics,":[47],"etc,":[48,255],"employed":[51],"for":[52,113,155,198],"both":[53],"application-driven":[56],"research.":[57],"However,":[58],"correct":[60],"derivation":[61,158],"demanding":[67],"task":[68],"which":[69,115,152],"faces":[70],"several":[71],"difficulties,":[72],"e.g.":[73,244],"homogeneity":[75],"sample":[78,168,180],"or":[79,251],"isotropy":[81],"phases.":[84],"In":[85,106],"addition,":[86],"these":[87,211],"sample-specific":[88],"characteristics":[89],"are":[90,153,187,190,213,226],"intimately":[91],"related":[92],"to":[93,183,193,258],"technical":[94,245],"constraints":[95],"such":[96],"as":[97],"geometry":[100,177],"size":[102,175],"sample.":[105],"particular,":[107],"latter":[109],"importance":[112],"nanostructures":[114],"now":[117],"probed":[119],"technically":[120],"on":[121,202],"very":[122],"small":[123],"length":[124],"scales.":[125],"On":[126],"occasion":[128],"100th":[131],"anniversary":[132],"technique,":[137],"introduced":[138],"by":[139,215],"Frank":[140],"Wenner,":[141],"review":[144,230,260],"we":[145,256],"revisit":[146],"discuss":[148],"various":[149],"correction":[150,196],"factors":[151,197],"mandatory":[154],"accurate":[157],"resistivity":[161],"resistance.":[165],"Among":[166],"others,":[167],"thickness,":[169],"dimensionality,":[170],"anisotropy,":[171],"relative":[174],"with":[181,206],"respect":[182],"assembly":[186],"considered.":[188],"We":[189,225],"also":[191],"able":[192],"derive":[194],"2D":[199],"anisotropic":[200],"systems":[201],"circular":[203],"finite":[204],"areas":[205],"variable":[207],"spacings.":[209],"All":[210],"aspects":[212],"illustrated":[214],"state-of-the-art":[216],"experiments":[217],"carried":[218],"out":[219],"using":[220],"four-tip":[222],"STM/SEM":[223],"system.":[224],"aware":[227],"that":[228],"article":[231],"only":[233],"cover":[234],"some":[235],"most":[238],"important":[239],"topics.":[240],"Regarding":[241],"further":[242],"aspects,":[243],"realizations,":[246],"influence":[248],"inhomogeneities":[250],"different":[252],"transport":[253],"regimes,":[254],"refer":[257],"other":[259],"articles":[261],"field.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":81},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":78},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":81},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}