{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1554147016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2009079","title":"Highly efficient and bright electroluminescent Ru(bpy)3(ClO4)2\u2215Alq3 device","display_name":"Highly efficient and bright electroluminescent Ru(bpy)3(ClO4)2\u2215Alq3 device","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1554147016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2009079","mag":"1554147016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.2009079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2009079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2009079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037187271","display_name":"Chongyang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-2944","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-2944"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong-Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, , Austin, Texas 78712"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, , Austin, Texas 78712","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005657217","display_name":"Allen J. Bard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8517-0230","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8517-0230"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allen J. Bard","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, , Austin, Texas 78712"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, , Austin, Texas 78712","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.148,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":125,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96226003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"87","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"61110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10611","display_name":"Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10611","display_name":"Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10097","display_name":"Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10099","display_name":"GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroluminescent-devices","display_name":"electroluminescent devices","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alq3","display_name":"Alq3","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ru-bpy-3-2","display_name":"Ru(bpy)3 2+","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-quantum-efficiency","display_name":"external quantum efficiency","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-efficiency","display_name":"power efficiency","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-confinement","display_name":"carrier confinement","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excited-state-quenching","display_name":"excited-state quenching","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-injection","display_name":"electron injection","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indium-tin-oxide","display_name":"indium tin oxide","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-light-emitting-diodes","display_name":"organic light-emitting diodes","score":0.8220000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31625292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215803","display_name":"Electroluminescence","level":3,"score":0.8774830102920532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181500209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215328","display_name":"Excited state","level":2,"score":0.7942988276481628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5576326251029968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205507967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900625","display_name":"Quantum efficiency","level":2,"score":0.5229740142822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32737372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417718","display_name":"Indium tin oxide","level":3,"score":0.499758243560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121745418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585536","display_name":"Quenching (fluorescence)","level":3,"score":0.491100549697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.48676609992980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.34686118364334106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.3295796513557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75473681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188651","display_name":"Photochemistry","level":1,"score":0.32052797079086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.2972950339317322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.21635493636131287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.17969343066215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91881484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807","display_name":"Fluorescence","level":2,"score":0.15802112221717834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14852091670036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.13319960236549377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.2009079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2009079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2009079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:3160955631","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=200902266610208896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1668566020","https://openalex.org/W1971551303","https://openalex.org/W1979634309","https://openalex.org/W2001410121","https://openalex.org/W2011196947","https://openalex.org/W2025010133","https://openalex.org/W2042349484","https://openalex.org/W2063843497","https://openalex.org/W2065433710","https://openalex.org/W2070024130","https://openalex.org/W2077188122","https://openalex.org/W2080861916","https://openalex.org/W2084359746","https://openalex.org/W2088929590","https://openalex.org/W2092223156","https://openalex.org/W3023854223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967804458","https://openalex.org/W2059805082","https://openalex.org/W1979634309","https://openalex.org/W4378378697","https://openalex.org/W1968289492","https://openalex.org/W1966102689","https://openalex.org/W2953314137","https://openalex.org/W1971551303","https://openalex.org/W2060143208","https://openalex.org/W2089594085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electroluminescent":[0],"devices":[1],"of":[2,17,27,32,66,84],"indium":[3],"tin":[4],"oxide":[5],"(ITO)\u2215Alq3(212nm)\u2215Ru(bpy)3(ClO4)2(100nm)\u2215Ga:In":[6],"were":[7,72,110],"fabricated":[8],"and":[9,14,19,61,69,80,112,127],"showed":[10],"high":[11],"external":[12],"quantum":[13],"power":[15,26,43],"efficiencies,":[16],"6.4%":[18],"5.3%,":[20],"respectively,":[21],"at":[22,56,103],"an":[23],"optical":[24],"output":[25,42],"0.4mW\u2215cm2":[28],"under":[29],"a":[30,36,50,92,124],"bias":[31,38],"2.3":[33],"V.":[34],"At":[35],"higher":[37],"voltage":[39],"(>2.7V),":[40],"the":[41,57,82,85,98,104,116,120],"was":[44,101],"well":[45],"above":[46],"10mW\u2215cm2,":[47],"but":[48],"with":[49],"lower":[51,129],"efficiency.":[52,130],"Light":[53],"emission":[54,99],"occurred":[55],"interface":[58,106],"between":[59],"Alq3":[60],"Ru(bpy)3(ClO4)2,":[62],"whose":[63],"relative":[64],"energies":[65],"both":[67,77],"excited":[68,87,108],"ground":[70],"states":[71,109],"offset,":[73],"ideal":[74],"for":[75],"confining":[76],"charge":[78],"carriers":[79],"minimizing":[81],"quenching":[83],"Ru(bpy)32+":[86],"state.":[88],"By":[89],"comparison,":[90],"in":[91],"single":[93],"layer":[94],"device":[95],"without":[96],"Alq3,":[97],"zone":[100],"located":[102],"ITO":[105,121],"where":[107],"quenched":[111],"electron":[113],"injection":[114],"from":[115],"reduced":[117],"molecules":[118],"to":[119],"contact":[122],"produced":[123],"unipolar":[125],"current":[126],"thus":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}