{"id":"https://openalex.org/W155384935","doi":null,"title":"Building a dynamic reputation system for DNS","display_name":"Building a dynamic reputation system for DNS","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W155384935","mag":"155384935"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.172.8010","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.172.8010","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.usenix.org/events/sec10/tech/full_papers/Antonakakis.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067105657","display_name":"Manos Antonakakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1578-8307","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1578-8307"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manos Antonakakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing/Georgia Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1578-8307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing/Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071832270","display_name":"Roberto Perdisci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7339-0041","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7339-0041"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Perdisci","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing/Georgia Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7339-0041","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing/Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035849898","display_name":"David Dagon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Dagon","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing/Georgia Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing/Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047140382","display_name":"Wenke Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2761-1277","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2761-1277","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9984-6879"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenke Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing/Georgia Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2761-1277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing/Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068586837","display_name":"Nick Feamster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9315-5201","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9315-5201"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Feamster","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing/Georgia Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9315-5201","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing/Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":35.0128,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":396,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99691456,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"18","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.5224999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.5224999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.43290001153945923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.029100000858306885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-name-system","display_name":"domain name system","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malicious-domain-detection","display_name":"malicious domain detection","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botnets","display_name":"botnets","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/command-and-control-infrastructure","display_name":"command and control infrastructure","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noto","display_name":"Noto","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-intrusion-detection","display_name":"network intrusion detection","score":0.48500001430511475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35026560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8767","display_name":"Domain Name System","level":3,"score":0.8581894636154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781345505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2535979","display_name":"Blacklist","level":2,"score":0.7913926839828491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7346228957176208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7252767086029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779797433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q632959","display_name":"Blacklisting","level":2,"score":0.5360807180404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77714075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5452017","display_name":"Firewall (physics)","level":5,"score":0.5299341082572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4861614406108856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.457996666431427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.4559382498264313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.44214317202568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.42972639203071594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.4105570912361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.15895649790763855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183915046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316152","display_name":"Charged black hole","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115304011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72755","display_name":"Schwarzschild radius","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.172.8010","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.172.8010","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.usenix.org/events/sec10/tech/full_papers/Antonakakis.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:155384935","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://astrolavos.gatech.edu/articles/notos_Usenix_Aug10.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421123","display_name":"USENIX Security Symposium","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"USENIX Security Symposium","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80155331","https://openalex.org/W113187444","https://openalex.org/W134335166","https://openalex.org/W178883471","https://openalex.org/W1479710165","https://openalex.org/W1490760466","https://openalex.org/W1542248099","https://openalex.org/W1590936031","https://openalex.org/W1827212170","https://openalex.org/W1828150029","https://openalex.org/W2030382024","https://openalex.org/W2053774863","https://openalex.org/W2084481407","https://openalex.org/W2100307718","https://openalex.org/W2101737524","https://openalex.org/W2111427271","https://openalex.org/W2140807364","https://openalex.org/W2142595254","https://openalex.org/W2296396094","https://openalex.org/W2396434032","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W2912934387"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7048832262","https://openalex.org/W3083656815","https://openalex.org/W4402263680","https://openalex.org/W845450363","https://openalex.org/W7098462593","https://openalex.org/W2784291098","https://openalex.org/W1972029145","https://openalex.org/W7095821301","https://openalex.org/W3151599988","https://openalex.org/W2533677686"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,96],"Domain":[1],"Name":[2],"System":[3],"(DNS)":[4],"is":[5,38,101,164],"an":[6],"essential":[7],"protocol":[8],"used":[9,69],"by":[10,73],"both":[11],"legitimate":[12,141],"Internet":[13],"applications":[14],"and":[15,28,82,111,127,131,143,146,201,207],"cyber":[16],"attacks.":[17],"For":[18],"example,":[19],"botnets":[20],"rely":[21],"on":[22,43],"DNS":[23,70,107,119,124,178],"to":[24,34,39,49,78,150],"support":[25],"agile":[26,104],"command":[27],"control":[29],"infrastructures.":[30],"An":[31],"effective":[32],"way":[33],"disrupt":[35],"these":[36,148,210],"attacks":[37],"place":[40],"malicious":[41,144,165,191],"domains":[42,76,142,192,211],"a":[44,51,55,90,152,156,173],"\u201cblocklist\u201d":[45],"(or":[46],"\u201cblacklist\u201d)":[47],"or":[48,57,166,213],"add":[50],"filtering":[52],"rule":[53],"in":[54,172,219],"firewall":[56],"network":[58,130,176],"intrusion":[59],"detection":[60],"system.":[61],"To":[62],"evade":[63,79],"such":[64],"security":[65],"countermeasures,":[66],"attackers":[67],"have":[68,169],"agility,":[71],"e.g.,":[72],"using":[74],"new":[75,157],"daily":[77],"static":[80],"blacklists":[81],"firewalls.":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85,99],"paper":[86],"we":[87],"propose":[88],"Notos,":[89],"dynamic":[91],"reputation":[92,153],"system":[93,100],"for":[94,155],"DNS.":[95],"premise":[97],"of":[98,106,134,139,160,199],"that":[102,187],"malicious,":[103],"use":[105],"has":[108],"unique":[109],"characteristics":[110],"can":[112,189,208],"be":[113],"distinguished":[114],"from":[115,180],"legitimate,":[116],"professionally":[117],"provisioned":[118],"services.":[120],"Notos":[121,171,188],"uses":[122,147],"passive":[123],"query":[125],"data":[126],"analyzes":[128],"the":[129,162],"zone":[132],"features":[133],"domains.":[135],"It":[136],"builds":[137],"models":[138,149],"known":[140],"domains,":[145],"compute":[151],"score":[154],"domain":[158,163],"indicative":[159],"whether":[161],"legitimate.":[167],"We":[168],"evaluated":[170],"large":[174],"ISP\u2019s":[175],"with":[177,193],"traffic":[179],"1.4":[181],"million":[182],"users.":[183],"Our":[184],"results":[185],"show":[186],"identify":[190,209],"high":[194],"accuracy":[195],"(true":[196],"positive":[197,204],"rate":[198,205],"96.8%)":[200],"low":[202],"false":[203],"(0.38%),":[206],"weeks":[212],"even":[214],"months":[215],"before":[216],"they":[217],"appear":[218],"public":[220],"blacklists.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
