{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1552811300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2007.0023","title":"Designed to Punish: Immigrant Detention and Deportation","display_name":"Designed to Punish: Immigrant Detention and Deportation","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1552811300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2007.0023","mag":"1552811300"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/sor.2007.0023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2007.0023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2007.0023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11461281","display_name":"Social research","issn_l":"0037-783X","issn":["0037-783X","1944-768X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316039","host_organization_name":"New School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316039"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["New School"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Research: An International Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006119838","display_name":"Mark Dow","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark Dow","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006119838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6658,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89571942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"2","first_page":"533","last_page":"546"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13694","display_name":"Immigration Law and Human Rights","score":0.5038999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13694","display_name":"Immigration Law and Human Rights","score":0.5038999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10216","display_name":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","score":0.2786000072956085,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14226","display_name":"Migration, Racism, and Human Rights","score":0.043699998408555984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigration-detention","display_name":"immigration detention","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deportation","display_name":"deportation","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigration-detention-centers","display_name":"immigration detention centers","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rudy-giuliani","display_name":"Rudolph Giuliani","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haitian-revolution","display_name":"Haitian Revolution","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haitian-diaspora","display_name":"Haitian diaspora","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torture","display_name":"torture","score":0.4339999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60961049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379693","display_name":"Deportation","level":3,"score":0.8629537224769592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544040105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132781","display_name":"Torture","level":3,"score":0.6542238593101501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780656516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40357","display_name":"Prison","level":2,"score":0.5638904571533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173145845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131572","display_name":"Refugee","level":2,"score":0.5636842846870422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5508381128311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.48509252071380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.47291263937950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778627824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178561","display_name":"Battle","level":2,"score":0.4681779444217682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779392107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841440","display_name":"Naturalization","level":5,"score":0.4330430030822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778976748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185943","display_name":"Amnesty","level":3,"score":0.423404723405838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4189325273036957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.38704827427864075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.3444434404373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.31710219383239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780781376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42138","display_name":"Citizenship","level":3,"score":0.26936933398246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.2391851246356964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.1442681849002838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200724805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990792","display_name":"Alien","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/sor.2007.0023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2007.0023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2007.0023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11461281","display_name":"Social research","issn_l":"0037-783X","issn":["0037-783X","1944-768X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316039","host_organization_name":"New School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316039"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["New School"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Research: An International Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/527529","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/527529","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W609685502","https://openalex.org/W1605217773","https://openalex.org/W2083193313","https://openalex.org/W2222370449"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2889969198","https://openalex.org/W4252647837","https://openalex.org/W4398758992","https://openalex.org/W2914292282","https://openalex.org/W2976587815","https://openalex.org/W2896028259","https://openalex.org/W1153704910","https://openalex.org/W7210697579","https://openalex.org/W7047205493","https://openalex.org/W1159794568"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mark":[0],"Dow":[1],"Designed":[2],"to":[3,72,270,350,507,531,540,554,571,578,588],"Punish:":[4],"Immigrant":[5],"Detention":[6],"and":[7,76,104,170,192,281,418,452,487,510,587,658,698],"Deportation":[8],"IN":[9],"A":[10,24,175,477,607,617,620,628,640],"PO":[11],"EM":[12],"CALLED":[13],"\"":[14,20],"B":[15],"O":[16,30],"T":[17,614,623,629,634,637],"PIPE":[18],"L":[19],"(BOAT":[21],"PEOPLE),":[22],"H":[23,154,320,615],"IT":[25],"IA":[26],"N":[27,608,631,636,639,659],"FELIX":[28],"M":[29,109,606,625],"RRISEAU":[31],"Leroy":[32],"(1912-1998)":[33],"writes:":[34],"Nou":[35,41],"tap":[36],"kouri":[37],"pou":[38],"Fo":[39],"Dimanch":[40],"vin":[42],"echwe":[43],"nan":[44],"Kwom":[45],"Avni.":[46],"We":[47,53,276],"were":[48,390,505],"running":[49],"from":[50,211,355],"Ft.":[51,399],"Dimanche":[52],"washed":[54],"ashore":[55],"on":[56,130,239,439,650],"Krome":[57,162,395],"Avenue.":[58],"Morisseau":[59],"assum":[60],"ed":[61,182],"his":[62],"audience":[63],"would":[64,600],"recognize":[65],"not":[66,217,248,341,369,375,392,458,495,520],"only":[67,393],"the":[68,73,84,89,116,152,161,212,245,262,285,304,319,334,388,398,425,433,479,483,488,525,546,598,654,666,685],"first":[69],"line's":[70],"reference":[71],"notorious":[74],"prison":[75,475,481],"torture":[77],"center":[78,95,402],"in":[79,96,115,147,190,224,403,413,469,476,482,559,679],"Port-auPrince":[80],",":[81],"but":[82,396],"also":[83,222],"nam":[85],"e":[86,121,123,210],"o":[87,264,435],"f":[88,265,436],"US":[90],"im":[91,313],"m":[92,101,253,314,438,471,490,500,516,568,584,656,696],"igration":[93,315,657,697],"detention":[94,260,401,508,550,567],"Miami":[97],"w":[98,111,215,300,324,332,444],"here":[99],"so":[100],"any":[102,580],"Haitians":[103,207,246,389,515],"others":[105],"have":[106,442,446,466,538,586,601],"ended":[107],"up.":[108],"orriseau":[110],"rote":[112],"these":[113],"lines":[114],"1980s.":[117],"At":[118],"about":[119,676],"th":[120,183,205,242,330],"sam":[122],"tim":[124],"e,":[125],"Am":[126],"nesty":[127],"International":[128],"sued":[129],"behalf":[131],"of":[132,135,306,561,575,665,689,694],"a":[133,148,225,311,470,552,573],"group":[134],"Haitian":[136],"trade":[137],"union":[138],"activ\u00ad":[139],"ists":[140],"allegedly":[141],"tortured":[142],"at":[143,160,184,206,243,294,331,379,394,397],"Fort":[144],"Dimanche;":[145],"and,":[146],"court":[149],"battle":[150],"over":[151],"2,100":[153],"aitian":[155,321],"asylum":[156,322,557],"seekers":[157,323],"locked":[158,376],"up":[159],"Avenue":[163],"d":[164],"eten":[165],"tio":[166],"n":[167,251,380],"cam":[168],"p":[169,249],"elsew":[171],"here,":[172],"then-A":[173],"ssociate":[174],"ttorney":[176],"G":[177,298],"eneral":[178],"Rudolph":[179],"Giuliani":[180,221,328,454],"claim":[181],"there":[185],"was":[186,432],"\"no":[187],"political":[188,521],"repression\"":[189],"Haiti":[191],"that":[193],"dictator":[194],"Jean":[195],"Claude":[196],"\"Baby":[197],"Doc\"":[198],"Duvalier":[199],"had":[200],"\"person\u00ad":[201],"ally":[202],"assured":[203],"him":[204],"returning":[208],"hom":[209],"United":[213,526],"States":[214,527],"ere":[216,325],"persecuted\"":[218],"(UPI,":[219],"1982).":[220,423],"explained,":[223],"panel":[226],"social":[227,672],"research":[228,673],"Vol":[229],"74":[230],":":[231,234],"No":[232],"2":[233],"Summer":[235],"2007":[236],"533":[237],"discussion":[238],"public":[240],"television,":[241],"confining":[244],"\"is":[247],"u":[250],"ish":[252],"en":[254],"t.":[255],".":[256,257,273,274,275,357,358,461,462,463],"it":[258,596],"is":[259,360,457,494],"for":[261,449],"purpose":[263],"adjudicating":[266],"some\u00ad":[267],"one's":[268],"right":[269],"be":[271,518,541,591],"here.":[272],"need":[277],"an":[278,663],"orderly":[279,286],"process,":[280],"deten\u00ad":[282],"tion":[283],"aids":[284],"process.\"":[287],"His":[288],"point":[289],"seems":[290],"reasonable":[291],"enough,":[292],"taken":[293],"face":[295],"value.":[296],"But":[297,649],"iuliani":[299],"ent":[301,491,688],"further,":[302],"denying":[303],"reality":[305],"incarceration.":[307],"W":[308,419],"hen":[309],"even":[310],"top":[312],"official":[316],"adm":[317,547],"itted":[318],"\"in":[326],"jail,\"":[327],"countered":[329],"hile":[333],"facilities":[335],"look":[336],"like":[337],"jails,":[338],"they":[339,352,367,373,583],"are":[340,353,368,374],"jails.":[342],"He":[343],"continued:":[344],"\"If":[345],"[the":[346],"Haitians]":[347],"attem":[348],"pt":[349],"leave,":[351],"stopped":[354],"leaving..":[356],"There":[359],"usually":[361],"[a]":[362],"perim":[363],"eter":[364],"security,":[365],"[but]":[366],"held":[370,391,675],"behind":[371,377],"bars,":[372],"bars":[378],"ig":[381],"h":[382],"t\"":[383],"(Annenberg,":[384],"1984).":[385],"In":[386],"fact,":[387],"Allen":[400],"Puerto":[404],"Rico":[405],"as":[406,408,551],"well":[407],"\"Federal":[409],"correction":[410],"facili\u00ad":[411],"ties":[412],"Kentucky,":[414],"New":[415],"York,":[416],"Texas":[417],"est":[420],"Virginia\"":[421],"(Jaynes,":[422],"On":[424],"television":[426],"panel,":[427],"federal":[428],"judge":[429],"Marvin":[430],"Shoob":[431],"voice":[434],"com":[437],"sense:":[440],"\"We":[441],"people":[443],"ho":[445],"been":[447,467],"incarcerated":[448,468],"three":[450],"years,":[451],"Mr.":[453],"says":[455,492],"this":[456,493],"punishm":[459,496],"ent.":[460],"Cuban":[464],"detainees":[465,599,678],"axim":[472],"um":[473],"security":[474],"tlanta,":[478],"toughest":[480],"U":[484,622],"nited":[485],"States,":[486],"govern\u00ad":[489],"ent.\"":[497],"The":[498,514],"semantics":[499],"atter.":[501],"Functionary":[502],"Giuliani's":[503],"lies":[504],"integral":[506],"policy":[509],"rem":[511],"ain":[512],"so.":[513],"ust":[517],"economic,":[519],"refugees,":[522],"or":[523],"else":[524],"incurs":[528],"legal":[529,581],"obligations":[530],"offer":[532],"them":[533],"protection":[534],"(from":[535],"regimes":[536],"we":[537],"happened":[539],"support\u00ad":[542],"ing).":[543],"And":[544],"although":[545],"inistration":[548],"uses":[549,566],"deterrent":[553],"other":[555],"potential":[556],"seekers,":[558],"violation":[560],"international":[562],"refugee":[563],"norm":[564],"s\u2014and":[565],"ore":[569],"generally":[570],"coerce":[572],"range":[574],"nonciti\u00ad":[576],"zens":[577],"drop":[579],"claims":[582],"ight":[585],"leave\u2014this":[589],"cannot":[590],"\"punishm":[592],"ent\"":[593],"because,":[594],"if":[595],"were,":[597],"certain":[602],"due":[603],"process":[604],"rights.":[605],"Y":[609],"PEOPLE":[610],"F":[611,641],"IR":[612],"S":[613,644],"E":[616,633,635],"R":[618,627,643],"D":[619,632,668,686],"BO":[621],"IM":[624],"IG":[626],"IO":[630,638],"TE":[642],"eptem":[645],"ber":[646,652],"11,":[647],"2001.":[648],"Septem":[651],"10,":[653],"Im":[655,695],"aturalization":[660],"Service":[661],"(INS),":[662],"agency":[664],"Justice":[667],"epartm":[669,687],"ent,":[670],"534":[671],"already":[674],"23,000":[677],"its":[680],"custody.":[681],"Since":[682],"March":[683],"2003,":[684],"Hom":[690],"eland":[691],"Security's":[692],"Bureau":[693],"Customs":[699],"Enforcement":[700],"(ICE)":[701],"has":[702],"managed...":[703]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}