{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1552617702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ac.v11i1.164","title":"The role of culture with festival entrepreneurs","display_name":"The role of culture with festival entrepreneurs","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1552617702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ac.v11i1.164","mag":"1552617702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4102/ac.v11i1.164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ac.v11i1.164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ac.v11i1.164","pdf_url":"https://actacommercii.co.za/index.php/acta/article/download/164/164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226909","display_name":"Acta Commercii","issn_l":"1684-1999","issn":["1684-1999","2413-1903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","scielo"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315322","host_organization_name":"AOSIS","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AOSIS"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Commercii","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://actacommercii.co.za/index.php/acta/article/download/164/164","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040660124","display_name":"Martinette Kruger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6674-8498","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6674-8498"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27765905","display_name":"North-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/010f1sq29","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martinette Kruger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Tourism and Leisure Studies, Potchefstroom","Institute for Tourism and Leisure Studies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Tourism and Leisure Studies, Potchefstroom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Tourism and Leisure Studies","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lara Engelbrecht","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27765905","display_name":"North-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/010f1sq29","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lara Engelbrecht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Tourism and Leisure Studies, Potchefstroom","Institute for Tourism and Leisure Studies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Tourism and Leisure Studies, Potchefstroom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Tourism and Leisure Studies","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059298788","display_name":"Melville Saayman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9991-0140","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9991-0140"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27765905","display_name":"North-West University","ror":"https://ror.org/010f1sq29","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melville Saayman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Tourism and Leisure Studies, Potchefstroom","Institute for Tourism and Leisure Studies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Tourism and Leisure Studies, Potchefstroom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Tourism and Leisure Studies","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27765905"],"apc_list":{"value":13376,"currency":"ZAR","value_usd":726},"apc_paid":{"value":13376,"currency":"ZAR","value_usd":726},"fwci":0.6776,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80226992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.6650000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.6650000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12693","display_name":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","score":0.28690001368522644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11410","display_name":"Cultural Industries and Urban Development","score":0.03909999877214432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-differences","display_name":"cultural differences","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurship","display_name":"entrepreneurship","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arts-festivals","display_name":"art festivals","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micro-small-and-medium-enterprises","display_name":"micro, small and medium enterprises","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-motivation","display_name":"entrepreneurial motivation","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-cultural-entrepreneurship","display_name":"cross-cultural entrepreneurship","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-groups","display_name":"racial and ethnic groups","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-environment","display_name":"entrepreneurial environment","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/festival-marketing","display_name":"festival marketing","score":0.35600000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70789860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2018526","display_name":"The arts","level":2,"score":0.7726549506187439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.7330429553985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.5922672748565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5781099796295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5401635766029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35226356983184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3321354389190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.32710760831832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.23231321573257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.22298121452331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.11213210225105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4102/ac.v11i1.164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ac.v11i1.164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ac.v11i1.164","pdf_url":"https://actacommercii.co.za/index.php/acta/article/download/164/164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226909","display_name":"Acta Commercii","issn_l":"1684-1999","issn":["1684-1999","2413-1903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","scielo"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315322","host_organization_name":"AOSIS","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AOSIS"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Commercii","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8f0f6b89c8e646e8981cb33670d84513","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8f0f6b89c8e646e8981cb33670d84513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Acta Commercii, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 247-268 (2011)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4102/ac.v11i1.164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ac.v11i1.164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ac.v11i1.164","pdf_url":"https://actacommercii.co.za/index.php/acta/article/download/164/164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226909","display_name":"Acta Commercii","issn_l":"1684-1999","issn":["1684-1999","2413-1903"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","scielo"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315322","host_organization_name":"AOSIS","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AOSIS"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Commercii","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.833299994468689}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1552617702.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1552617702.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92755793","https://openalex.org/W419311393","https://openalex.org/W1537543935","https://openalex.org/W1541722931","https://openalex.org/W1561517153","https://openalex.org/W1573234480","https://openalex.org/W1887533618","https://openalex.org/W1979938413","https://openalex.org/W1984553718","https://openalex.org/W1990167713","https://openalex.org/W1995725471","https://openalex.org/W2005786709","https://openalex.org/W2009726562","https://openalex.org/W2011674737","https://openalex.org/W2021839045","https://openalex.org/W2021866362","https://openalex.org/W2023665153","https://openalex.org/W2027605163","https://openalex.org/W2032042438","https://openalex.org/W2038301872","https://openalex.org/W2042861140","https://openalex.org/W2051289904","https://openalex.org/W2081029972","https://openalex.org/W2096701316","https://openalex.org/W2099713457","https://openalex.org/W2101342458","https://openalex.org/W2137857797","https://openalex.org/W2154096756","https://openalex.org/W2164076853","https://openalex.org/W2178391190","https://openalex.org/W2241549096","https://openalex.org/W2254306919","https://openalex.org/W2282460069","https://openalex.org/W2316825733","https://openalex.org/W2320799495","https://openalex.org/W2321460585","https://openalex.org/W2339486919","https://openalex.org/W2498819009","https://openalex.org/W2518912427","https://openalex.org/W2562932703","https://openalex.org/W2587096814","https://openalex.org/W2599593096","https://openalex.org/W2611731537","https://openalex.org/W2734763350","https://openalex.org/W2796262989","https://openalex.org/W3121944673","https://openalex.org/W3124182182","https://openalex.org/W6614542964","https://openalex.org/W6940678188","https://openalex.org/W7033262541","https://openalex.org/W7052241581"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W817164318","https://openalex.org/W1486365578","https://openalex.org/W7006445029","https://openalex.org/W4404934627","https://openalex.org/W4245789858","https://openalex.org/W7111418051","https://openalex.org/W1541722931","https://openalex.org/W4408441532","https://openalex.org/W2321460585","https://openalex.org/W4323924460"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose:":[0],"The":[1,24,205,263],"goal":[2],"of":[3,11,31,47,82,133,207,240,250,296,314],"the":[4,9,17,32,38,48,52,72,77,91,103,109,123,130,137,143,159,165,176,208,235,241,245,283,294],"study":[5,209],"was":[6,169,244,253],"to":[7,112,136,193,226,309,327],"determine":[8,194],"influence":[10],"cultural":[12,41,62,173,213,280,306],"differences":[13,198,214],"on":[14,37,71,108,114,219],"entrepreneurship":[15,307],"at":[16,129,175,234,255,282],"Grahamstown":[18,25,177],"National":[19,26,178],"Arts":[20,27,179],"Festival.":[21],"Problem":[22],"investigated:":[23],"Festival":[28],"is":[29,65,118,132,149],"one":[30],"most":[33],"important":[34],"arts":[35,258],"festivals":[36],"South":[39,144,261],"African":[40,145],"calendar.":[42],"Diverse":[43],"entrepreneurs":[44,56,186],"make":[45],"use":[46],"opportunities":[49],"created":[50],"by":[51,60,268,278],"festival.":[53,236],"However,":[54],"these":[55,200,216],"are":[57],"heavily":[58],"influenced":[59],"their":[61,127,220,231],"traits.":[63],"This":[64,243],"because":[66],"culture":[67,106],"has":[68,265],"an":[69,115,311],"effect":[70],"general":[73],"decision":[74],"making,":[75],"standards,":[76],"behavioural":[78],"patterns":[79],"and":[80,88,96,141,162,187,270,275,318],"ways":[81],"behaviour":[83],"in":[84,100,158,260],"SMMEs":[85],"(small,":[86],"medium":[87],"micro-enterprises).":[89],"With":[90,293],"festival's":[92],"significant":[93,212],"annual":[94],"growth":[95],"its":[97],"economic":[98],"value":[99,239],"mind,":[101],"determining":[102],"role":[104,128,233],"that":[105,248,267,303],"plays":[107],"individuals'":[110],"motivation":[111,225],"embark":[113],"entrepreneurial":[116,156,223,287,300],"career":[117],"essential.":[119],"How":[120],"this":[121,251,321],"influences":[122],"way":[124],"they":[125],"perceive":[126],"festival":[131,138,259],"vital":[134],"importance":[135],"marketers,":[139],"organisers":[140],"even":[142],"Government":[146],"(since":[147],"it":[148],"largely":[150],"responsible":[151],"for":[152],"creating":[153],"a":[154,167,256,285,298,324],"favourable":[155],"climate":[157],"country).":[160],"Design":[161],"methodology:":[163],"Within":[164],"study,":[166],"distinction":[168],"made":[170],"between":[171,199,215],"different":[172,279],"groups":[174,217],"Festival:":[180],"White":[181],"entrepreneurs,":[182,184],"Black":[183],"Indian":[185],"Coloured":[188],"entrepreneurs.":[189],"ANOVAs":[190],"were":[191,197],"used":[192],"whether":[195],"there":[196],"cultures.":[201],"Findings":[202],"and/or":[203,238],"implications:":[204],"results":[206],"showed":[210],"statistically":[211],"based":[218],"socio-demographic":[221],"characteristics,":[222],"attributes,":[224],"attend":[227],"as":[228,230,320],"well":[229],"perceived":[232],"Originality":[237],"research:":[242],"first":[246],"time":[247],"research":[249,264],"kind":[252],"conducted":[254],"national":[257],"Africa.":[262],"shown":[266],"acknowledging":[269],"managing":[271],"entrepreneurs'":[272],"unique":[273],"characteristics":[274],"traits":[276],"represented":[277],"subgroups":[281],"festival,":[284],"thriving":[286],"environment":[288],"can":[289],"be":[290,310],"ensured.":[291],"Conclusion:":[292],"aim":[295],"achieving":[297],"successful":[299],"environment,":[301],"factors":[302],"promote":[304],"cross":[305],"need":[308],"integral":[312],"facet":[313],"entrepreneur-directed":[315],"education,":[316],"training":[317],"management":[319],"will":[322],"develop":[323],"positive":[325],"orientation":[326],"entrepreneurship.":[328]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
