{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1549296406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000681","title":"Dry Eye Disease","display_name":"Dry Eye Disease","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1549296406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000681","mag":"1549296406","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26301366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000000681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000681","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45696439","display_name":"Optometry and Vision Science","issn_l":"1040-5488","issn":["1040-5488","1538-9235"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optometry and Vision Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2q67b27g","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018591572","display_name":"Meng C. Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4301-0279","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4301-0279"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng C. Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Berkeley, CA","Birmingham, AL","New York, NY","San Francisco, CA","St. Louis, MO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birmingham, AL","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York, NY","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Francisco, CA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Louis, MO","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026160198","display_name":"Penny A. Asbell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-7778","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-7778","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9124-0904"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Penny A. Asbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York, NY","Berkeley, CA","Birmingham, AL","San Francisco, CA","St. Louis, MO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York, NY","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birmingham, AL","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Francisco, CA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Louis, MO","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074707493","display_name":"Todd P. Margolis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8620-2708","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8620-2708"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd Margolis","raw_affiliation_strings":["St. Louis, MO","Berkeley, CA","Birmingham, AL","New York, NY","San Francisco, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Louis, MO","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birmingham, AL","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York, NY","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Francisco, CA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101915778","display_name":"Nancy A. McNamara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0481-3071","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0481-3071"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nancy A. McNamarra","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Francisco, CA","Berkeley, CA","Birmingham, AL","New York, NY","St. Louis, MO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Francisco, CA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birmingham, AL","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York, NY","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Louis, MO","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025768648","display_name":"Kelly K. Nichols","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2937-1457","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2937-1457"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelly K. Nichols","raw_affiliation_strings":["Birmingham, AL","Berkeley, CA","New York, NY","San Francisco, CA","St. Louis, MO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birmingham, AL","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York, NY","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Francisco, CA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Louis, MO","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052427610","display_name":"Jason J. Nichols","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1519-7734","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1519-7734"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason J. Nichols","raw_affiliation_strings":["Birmingham, AL","Berkeley, CA","New York, NY","San Francisco, CA","St. Louis, MO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birmingham, AL","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York, NY","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Francisco, CA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Louis, MO","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108476514","display_name":"Kenneth Allen Polse","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth A. Polse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Berkeley, CA","Birmingham, AL","New York, NY","San Francisco, CA","St. Louis, MO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Berkeley, CA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birmingham, AL","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York, NY","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Francisco, CA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Louis, MO","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.713,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74294118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"92","issue":"9","first_page":"922","last_page":"924"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11521","display_name":"Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dry-eye-disease","display_name":"dry eye","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meibomian-gland-dysfunction","display_name":"meibomian gland dysfunction","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-lens-wear","display_name":"contact lens wear","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preservative-toxicity","display_name":"preservative toxicity","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lasik","display_name":"LASIK","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocular-surface-disease","display_name":"ocular surface disease","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dry-eye-diagnosis","display_name":"dry eye diagnosis","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dry-eye-treatment","display_name":"dry eye treatment","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life","display_name":"quality of life","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-patients","display_name":"Chinese patients","score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-factors","display_name":"dietary factors","score":0.3140000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4237220883369446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.34955310821533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.29351580142974854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.06532752513885498}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000000681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000681","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45696439","display_name":"Optometry and Vision Science","issn_l":"1040-5488","issn":["1040-5488","1538-9235"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optometry and Vision Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26301366","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26301366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","raw_type":"Editorial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2q67b27g","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2q67b27g","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2q67b27g","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Optometry and Vision Science, vol 92, iss 9","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt2q67b27g","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2q67b27g","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2q67b27g","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Optometry and Vision Science, vol 92, iss 9","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1549296406.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1549296406.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W944022010","https://openalex.org/W947988040","https://openalex.org/W994663353","https://openalex.org/W1970613833","https://openalex.org/W2003964163","https://openalex.org/W2004271042","https://openalex.org/W2028465131","https://openalex.org/W2083562884","https://openalex.org/W2115649548","https://openalex.org/W2243728137","https://openalex.org/W2293409348","https://openalex.org/W2297036386","https://openalex.org/W2314869025","https://openalex.org/W2316811969","https://openalex.org/W2337417876","https://openalex.org/W2341079225","https://openalex.org/W2394658086","https://openalex.org/W2395672194","https://openalex.org/W2399475061","https://openalex.org/W2408357050","https://openalex.org/W2410756857","https://openalex.org/W2411049142","https://openalex.org/W2413904990","https://openalex.org/W2414604243","https://openalex.org/W2419122729","https://openalex.org/W2423090040","https://openalex.org/W2440751654","https://openalex.org/W2460349096","https://openalex.org/W2579617960"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1600121738","https://openalex.org/W2325343034","https://openalex.org/W2903760349","https://openalex.org/W2029130953","https://openalex.org/W1988563924","https://openalex.org/W2949999939","https://openalex.org/W2894814206","https://openalex.org/W3042321164","https://openalex.org/W4211006424","https://openalex.org/W2288701858"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dry":[0,67],"eye":[1,43,80,107,142,173,214,243,281,317,352,410,419,426,460,500,717,948,1311,1321,1342],"symptoms,":[2,35,1343],"reported":[3,153,194,270,287,727,913,1238],"by":[4,624,801,927,1001,1047],"about":[5,295,1157,1300],"25%":[6],"of":[7,11,76,85,112,120,140,158,171,184,212,334,340,345,372,400,405,423,434,441,452,457,472,480,491,503,509,523,529,540,557,601,683,697,704,715,733,756,813,846,861,875,885,888,907,930,945,955,964,977,1051,1057,1077,1103,1108,1160,1183,1230,1273,1294],"patients,":[8,219],"are":[9,152,189,199,215,251,286,427,468,476,1070,1154,1246,1327,1355],"one":[10],"the":[12,32,56,90,135,156,185,296,332,343,392,397,401,435,453,469,512,520,524,527,599,625,631,659,671,681,689,702,835,839,866,908,943,1005,1024,1078,1139,1150,1158,1213,1228,1295,1301,1315,1372,1392,1396],"most":[13,454,1302],"common":[14,291,312,455,555],"reasons":[15],"for":[16,103,248,315,478,535,575,581,591,779,841,974,987,1120,1215,1232,1387],"patient":[17,1279,1283],"visits":[18],"to":[19,31,50,203,217,288,304,448,463,537,551,628,774,854,858,865,872,918,983,1023,1042,1124,1127,1135,1138,1149,1174,1268,1318,1335,1357],"eye-care":[20],"professionals.1":[21],"As":[22],"various":[23,147],"ocular":[24,34,347,364,373,577,586,819,909,998,1006,1025,1044,1052,1062,1365],"surface":[25,348,365,374,578,607,820,999,1007,1026,1045,1063,1366],"conditions":[26],"or":[27,338,443,565,661,675,806,1061,1088,1106,1110,1122,1131,1219,1347],"diseases":[28,375],"can":[29,45,301,414,496,647,686,798,980,1098],"lead":[30],"same":[33],"diagnosing,":[36],"treating,":[37],"and":[38,48,53,60,70,94,114,126,138,163,165,182,220,271,282,324,350,431,580,585,620,753,776,826,878,923,933,951,962,971,1003,1018,1027,1067,1075,1163,1181,1198,1210,1306,1339,1364,1374],"managing":[39],"patients":[40,104,407,487,1216,1259],"with":[41,105,132,241,261,488,598,650,662,751,1217,1260,1285,1345],"dry":[42,79,106,141,172,213,242,280,309,316,351,409,418,425,445,459,499,559,716,921,947,965,1221,1310,1341],"symptoms":[44,81,143,318,501,1209,1375],"be":[46,226,259,464,538,596,648,708,799,855,981,1269,1314],"challenging":[47],"frustrating":[49],"both":[51,960],"clinicians":[52,93,303,536,1334],"patients.":[54],"Since":[55],"notable":[57],"Tear":[58,644],"Film":[59],"Ocular":[61,606],"Surface":[62],"Society\u2019s":[63],"international":[64],"workshops":[65],"on":[66,177,363,511,519,544,658,670,742,816,1178,1395],"Eye":[68],"Workshop":[69],"meibomian":[71,262,505,513],"gland":[72,263,1362],"dysfunction":[73],"(MGD),2,3":[74],"awareness":[75],"how":[77],"significantly":[78,200,415],"negatively":[82],"impact":[83],"quality":[84],"life":[86],"has":[87,192,911,1191,1226],"risen.":[88],"In":[89,745,870,894,1092,1308],"past":[91],"decade,":[92],"scientists":[95],"have":[96,268,360,498,882,1297],"made":[97,1328],"significant":[98,387],"strides":[99],"in":[100,228,368,381,429,526,792,849,897,904,942,996,1144,1195,1203,1208,1383],"improving":[101],"care":[102],"symptoms.":[108],"This":[109],"special":[110],"issue":[111],"Optometry":[113],"Vision":[115],"Science":[116],"highlights":[117],"a":[118,272,369,489,638,663,730,748,817,823,850,883,915,993,1145,1168,1201,1235],"collection":[119],"reviews,":[121],"original":[122],"articles,":[123],"clinical":[124,127,793,851,1172,1236],"reports,":[125],"perspectives":[128],"that":[129,144,195,330,486,553,635,728,1152,1166,1241,1276,1322,1329],"provide":[130,1175],"readers":[131],"updates":[133],"regarding":[134],"diagnosis,":[136],"treatment,":[137],"management":[139,963,1068],"result":[145],"from":[146,834,1021,1291],"causes.":[148],"Our":[149,1114],"contributor":[150],"articles":[151,957],"here":[154,958,1239],"under":[155],"topics":[157],"Risk":[159,168],"Factors,":[160],"Diagnosis,":[161],"Treatment":[162,950],"Management,":[164],"Clinical":[166,1288],"Perspectives.":[167],"Factors":[169],"Prevalence":[170],"varies":[174],"considerably":[175],"depending":[176],"diagnostic":[178,713,1304],"criteria,":[179],"study":[180,275],"designs,":[181],"regions":[183],"world":[186,1296],"where":[187],"studies":[188],"conducted.":[190],"It":[191,547,725],"been":[193,269,912,1227],"among":[196,376],"women,":[197],"Asians":[198],"more":[201,1133,1251,1336,1351],"likely":[202,515],"experience":[204,408,1099],"severe":[205],"dryness":[206],"symptoms.4":[207],"Several":[208],"known":[209,232],"risk":[210,233,313,388],"factors":[211,224,1017],"applicable":[216],"Chinese":[218],"some":[221,1257],"distinctive":[222],"dietary":[223],"may":[225,258,358,595,736,1281,1313],"protective":[227],"this":[229,249,1184,1204,1286,1384],"population.5":[230],"Of":[231],"factors,":[234],"contact":[235,307],"lens":[236,256,1090],"wear":[237,257],"is":[238,276,319,385,461,533,548,563,573,622,722,726,772,786,821,827,838,1323,1394],"highly":[239],"associated":[240,260,326],"symptoms;":[244],"however,":[245,265,1234],"mechanisms":[246,589,973],"responsible":[247,590],"association":[250],"not":[252,822,829,1242,1324],"clearly":[253],"understood.":[254],"Contact":[255,278],"atrophy;":[264],"conflicting":[266,1155],"results":[267],"longitudinal":[273,1169],"prospective":[274],"warranted.6":[277],"lens\u2013induced":[279,308],"binocular":[283],"vision":[284,584],"disorders":[285,300],"share":[289],"several":[290],"symptoms.7":[292],"Further":[293,770],"understanding":[294],"relationship":[297],"between":[298,617],"these":[299,847],"help":[302],"better":[305],"manage":[306,1340],"eye.":[310,966],"Another":[311],"factor":[314],"topical":[320],"antiglaucoma":[321,335],"ophthalmic":[322,1032],"medications":[323,357],"their":[325,859],"preservatives.":[327],"We":[328,484],"learn":[329,485],"increasing":[331],"frequency":[333],"medication":[336],"doses":[337],"types":[339,456],"drops":[341],"increases":[342],"odds":[344],"having":[346],"disease":[349,1312],"symptoms.8,9":[353],"Some":[354,421],"nonpreserved":[355],"glaucoma":[356,378],"also":[359,497,549],"adverse":[361],"effects":[362,518],"health,":[366],"resulting":[367],"higher":[370],"prevalence":[371],"treated":[377],"patients.8":[379],"Laser-assisted":[380],"situ":[382],"keratomileusis":[383],"(LASIK)":[384],"another":[386,554,746],"factor;":[389],"it":[390,532,785],"injures":[391],"subbasal":[393],"nerve":[394],"plexus":[395],"during":[396],"lamellar":[398],"cut":[399],"procedure.":[402],"Nearly":[403],"50%":[404],"post-LASIK":[406,417,424],"symptoms.10":[411],"Blink":[412],"anomalies":[413],"exacerbate":[416],"symptoms.11":[420],"cases":[422,739,1056],"neuropathic":[428,920],"etiology":[430],"warrant":[432,1167],"treatment":[433,440,493,528,925,961,989,1040,1066,1267,1353,1369],"underlying":[436],"neuralgia":[437],"rather":[438],"than":[439,1253],"aqueous-deficient":[442],"evaporative":[444,458,558],"eye,":[446,560],"according":[447],"our":[449,956],"authors.10":[450],"One":[451,1271],"thought":[462],"MGD.":[465],"Meibomian":[466],"glands":[467,514,522],"main":[470],"source":[471],"tear":[473,481,571,592,611,618,632,673,690,698,719,757,781,796,804,808,814,836,868,876,889,968,978,1059,1140,1361],"lipids,":[474],"which":[475,641],"essential":[477,574,1185],"retardation":[479],"aqueous":[482,1058],"evaporation.":[483],"history":[490],"acne":[492],"using":[494,718,729],"isotretinoin":[495,510],"because":[502,764,1102],"damaged":[504],"glands.12":[506],"The":[507,614,710,844],"effect":[508,926],"mimics":[516],"its":[517],"sebaceous":[521],"skin":[525],"acne.12":[530],"Consequently,":[531],"important":[534,550,789,940],"aware":[539],"isotretinoin-associated":[541],"MGD,":[542],"especially":[543],"young":[545],"adults.":[546],"note":[552],"cause":[556],"frequently":[561,1134],"underdiagnosed,":[562],"lagophthalmos":[564],"incomplete":[566],"blink.13":[567],"Diagnosis":[568],"A":[569,953],"stable":[570],"film":[572,593,612,645,674,699,758,782,877,890,969],"maintaining":[576,997],"homeostasis":[579,1000],"providing":[582,903,1011],"good":[583],"comfort.":[587],"Understanding":[588,967],"stability":[594,646,783],"facilitated":[597],"aid":[600],"infrared":[602],"thermography":[603],"described":[604],"here.14":[605],"cooling":[608,619],"always":[609],"precedes":[610],"breakup.14":[613],"lag":[615],"time":[616,626,721],"breakup":[621,720,759],"explained":[623],"necessary":[627],"first":[629],"disrupt":[630],"lipid":[633,691],"layer":[634],"eventually":[636],"forms":[637],"localized":[639,818],"rupture,":[640],"accelerates":[642],"evaporation.14":[643],"assessed":[649],"an":[651,694,788,939,1038,1277,1320,1330],"invasive":[652],"method":[653,665,766],"(e.g.,":[654,666],"instilling":[655],"fluorescein":[656,684,705],"dye":[657,706],"eye)":[660],"noninvasive":[664],"placido":[667],"rings":[668],"projecting":[669],"precorneal":[672,867],"other":[676,1065,1111],"custom-built":[677],"optical":[678],"devices).":[679],"However,":[680],"invasiveness":[682],"application":[685],"potentially":[687],"perturb":[688],"layer,":[692],"causing":[693],"inaccurate":[695],"assessment":[696],"stability;":[700],"therefore,":[701],"volume":[703],"should":[707],"minimized.":[709],"traditionally":[711],"accepted":[712],"threshold":[714,732],"10":[723,734],"seconds.":[724],"traditional":[731,754,1254],"seconds":[735],"yield":[737],"false-positive":[738],"if":[740],"applied":[741],"Asian":[743],"populations.15":[744],"study,":[747],"direct":[749],"comparison":[750],"automated":[752],"measures":[755],"shows":[760],"poor":[761,768],"agreement,":[762],"perhaps":[763],"each":[765],"exhibits":[767],"repeatability.15,16":[769],"research":[771],"needed":[773],"refine":[775],"improve":[777],"methods":[778],"assessing":[780],"as":[784,914,936,1008,1010,1015,1073,1084,1381],"considered":[787],"end":[790],"point":[791],"trials.":[794],"Increased":[795],"osmolarity":[797,815,832],"amplified":[800],"either":[802],"increased":[803],"evaporation":[805],"decreased":[807],"supply.":[809],"An":[810,1031],"accurate":[811],"measurement":[812],"trial":[824,1173],"task":[825],"currently":[828],"possible.":[830],"Taking":[831],"measurements":[833],"meniscus":[837],"basis":[840],"current":[842],"osmometers.":[843],"utility":[845],"tools":[848],"setting":[852],"continues":[853],"debatable":[856],"relative":[857],"reflection":[860],"what":[862],"truly":[863],"happens":[864],"film.16,17":[869],"addition":[871],"natural":[873,975],"lability":[874],"instrument":[879],"variability,":[880],"we":[881],"report":[884,1202],"test":[886],"outcomes":[887],"being":[891],"climate":[892],"dependent.18":[893],"recent":[895,1196],"years,":[896],"vivo":[898,905],"laser":[899],"scanning":[900],"confocal":[901],"microscopy,":[902],"cytology":[906],"surface,":[910],"useful":[916],"tool":[917],"diagnose":[919],"eyes":[922,1097],"monitor":[924],"measuring":[928],"density":[929],"corneal":[931],"nerves":[932],"inflammatory":[934],"cells,":[935],"inflammation":[937],"plays":[938],"role":[941,995],"pathogenesis":[944],"many":[946,1368],"cases.19":[949],"Management":[952],"number":[954],"address":[959],"constituents":[970],"regulatory":[972],"production":[976],"components":[979],"used":[982],"develop":[984],"new":[985],"concepts":[986],"potential":[988],"strategies.":[990],"Mucins":[991],"play":[992],"major":[994],"lubricating":[1002],"protecting":[1004],"well":[1009],"immunomodulatory":[1012],"function,":[1013],"acting":[1014],"antimicrobial":[1016],"preventing":[1019],"pathogens":[1020],"binding":[1022],"clearing":[1028],"away":[1029],"pathogens.20":[1030],"solution":[1033],"containing":[1034],"diquafosol":[1035],"tetrasodium":[1036],"offers":[1037],"alternate":[1039],"option":[1041],"restore":[1043,1358],"integrity":[1046],"stimulating":[1048],"goblet-cell":[1049],"secretion":[1050],"mucins.21,22":[1053],"For":[1054],"advanced":[1055,1388],"deficiency":[1060],"diseases,":[1064],"options":[1069,1370],"available,":[1071],"such":[1072,1083],"thermal":[1074],"electrocautery":[1076],"lacrimal":[1079],"puncta,":[1080],"lid":[1081],"surgeries":[1082],"tarsorrhaphy,":[1085],"amniotic":[1086],"membrane,":[1087],"scleral":[1089],"fitting.23":[1091],"today\u2019s":[1093],"society,":[1094],"even":[1095],"healthy":[1096],"temporary":[1100],"discomfort":[1101],"prolonged":[1104],"reading":[1105],"viewing":[1107],"computers":[1109,1121],"electronic":[1112],"devices.":[1113],"authors":[1115,1274],"offer":[1116],"software":[1117],"programs":[1118],"available":[1119],"smartphones":[1123],"remind":[1125],"users":[1126],"take":[1128],"visual":[1129],"breaks":[1130],"blink":[1132],"minimize":[1136],"stress":[1137],"film.24":[1141],"Other":[1142],"authors,":[1143],"review,":[1146],"draw":[1147],"attention":[1148,1194],"fact":[1151],"there":[1153],"reports":[1156],"benefits":[1159],"Omega-3":[1161],"supplements":[1162],"raise":[1164],"questions":[1165],"randomized":[1170],"controlled":[1171],"appropriate":[1176,1278],"guidance":[1177],"formulation,":[1179],"dosage,":[1180],"duration":[1182],"fatty":[1186],"acid.25":[1187],"Eyelid":[1188],"margin":[1189],"debridement":[1190],"gained":[1192],"much":[1193,1250],"years":[1197],"studies,":[1199],"including":[1200],"issue,":[1205,1385],"noting":[1206],"improvements":[1207],"signs":[1211,1373],"after":[1212],"procedure":[1214],"Sjogren":[1218],"non-Sjogren":[1220],"eye.26":[1222],"Self-applied":[1223],"heat":[1224],"therapy":[1225,1231],"mainstay":[1229],"MGD;":[1233],"series":[1237],"reveals":[1240],"all":[1243],"warm":[1244,1255],"compresses":[1245],"equally":[1247],"effective.27,28":[1248],"Although":[1249],"costly":[1252],"compresses,":[1256],"symptomatic":[1258],"MGD":[1261],"find":[1262],"LipiFlow":[1263],"(Thermal":[1264],"Pulsation":[1265],"System)":[1266],"beneficial.":[1270],"team":[1272],"suggests":[1275],"selection":[1280],"increase":[1282],"satisfaction":[1284],"procedure.29":[1287],"Perspectives":[1289],"Experts":[1290],"different":[1292],"parts":[1293],"varying":[1298],"opinions":[1299],"viable":[1303],"methodologies":[1305],"treatments.13":[1307],"fact,":[1309],"wrong":[1316],"term":[1317],"describe":[1319],"desiccated.":[1325],"Arguments":[1326],"etiology-based":[1331],"diagnosis":[1332],"allows":[1333],"effectively":[1337],"treat":[1338],"compared":[1344],"symptom-based":[1346],"definition-based":[1348],"approaches.13,30":[1349],"Until":[1350],"novel":[1352],"strategies":[1354],"developed":[1356],"and/or":[1359],"enhance":[1360],"function":[1363],"integrity,":[1367],"addressing":[1371],"will":[1376],"remain":[1377],"primarily":[1378],"palliative.":[1379],"But":[1380],"noted":[1382],"hope":[1386],"treatments":[1389],"emerging":[1390],"through":[1391],"pipeline":[1393],"horizon.":[1397],"Meng":[1398],"C.":[1399],"Lin":[1400],"Berkeley,":[1401,1431],"CA":[1402,1419,1432],"Penny":[1403],"A.":[1404,1415,1429],"Asbell":[1405],"New":[1406],"York,":[1407],"NY":[1408],"Todd":[1409],"Margolis":[1410],"St.":[1411],"Louis,":[1412],"MO":[1413],"Nancy":[1414],"McNamarra":[1416],"San":[1417],"Francisco,":[1418],"Kelly":[1420],"K.":[1421],"Nichols":[1422,1425],"Jason":[1423],"J.":[1424],"Birmingham,":[1426],"AL":[1427],"Kenneth":[1428],"Polse":[1430]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}