{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1548934898","doi":null,"title":"Equal Credit Opportunity Act","display_name":"Equal Credit Opportunity Act","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1548934898","mag":"1548934898"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.edu:scholar-1692","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/scholar/679","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/scholar/679","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196759","display_name":"Scholarship at Catholic Law (Catholic University of America)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84470341","host_organization_name":"Catholic University of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scholarly Articles","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/scholar/679","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029627903","display_name":"Ralph J. Rohner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84470341","display_name":"Catholic University of America","ror":"https://ror.org/047yk3s18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rohner, Ralph J.","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law","Columbus School of Law"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbus School of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029627903"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.4631,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97792323,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13170","display_name":"Discrimination and Equality Law","score":0.8690999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13170","display_name":"Discrimination and Equality Law","score":0.8690999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.06830000132322311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14288","display_name":"Law, Rights, and Freedoms","score":0.016899999231100082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equal-credit-opportunity-act","display_name":"Equal Credit Opportunity Act","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lending-discrimination","display_name":"credit discrimination","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fair-credit-reporting-act","display_name":"Fair Credit Reporting Act","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protected-classes","display_name":"protected classes","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loan-applications","display_name":"loan applications","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-credit","display_name":"consumer credit","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-reserve-board","display_name":"Federal Reserve Board","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-trade-commission","display_name":"Federal Trade Commission","score":0.8420000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.7520318031311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509347","display_name":"Commission","level":2,"score":0.5928969979286194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778979077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330190","display_name":"Receipt","level":2,"score":0.5820486545562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5518876910209656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780001282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1094483","display_name":"Fair Housing Act","level":3,"score":0.5249521732330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159091798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157165","display_name":"Creditor","level":3,"score":0.49891066551208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.380986750125885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3264710605144501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.3018895983695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.23641929030418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.1332312822341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994225426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191600","display_name":"Civil rights","level":2,"score":0.12471535801887512}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.edu:scholar-1692","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/scholar/679","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/scholar/679","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196759","display_name":"Scholarship at Catholic Law (Catholic University of America)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84470341","host_organization_name":"Catholic University of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scholarly Articles","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.edu:scholar-1692","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/scholar/679","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/scholar/679","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196759","display_name":"Scholarship at Catholic Law (Catholic University of America)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84470341","host_organization_name":"Catholic University of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scholarly Articles","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1548934898.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1548934898.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W181310414","https://openalex.org/W256013897","https://openalex.org/W3038513189","https://openalex.org/W3087212486","https://openalex.org/W2335186142","https://openalex.org/W7027656783","https://openalex.org/W7095529236","https://openalex.org/W4211227810","https://openalex.org/W110890281","https://openalex.org/W2492007569"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Almost":[0],"four":[1],"years":[2,16],"after":[3],"the":[4,8,24,41,52,60,74,101,111,150,155,158,179,205,217,223,232,236,241,244,255,264,274,279],"effective":[5,91],"date":[6],"of":[7,68,88,103,138,142,152,168,176,216,238],"original":[9,83],"Equal":[10,84],"Credit":[11,85,144,181],"Opportunity":[12,86],"Act":[13,87,112,193],"and":[14,22,26,64,115,194,252,278],"three":[15],"since":[17],"it":[18],"was":[19],"substantially":[20],"amended":[21],"broadened,":[23],"legal":[25],"credit":[27,98,230,239,253,262,269],"worlds":[28],"are":[29,201],"just":[30],"beginning":[31],"to":[32,46,160,203,235,258,267,282],"see":[33],"litigation":[34],"patterns":[35],"emerging":[36],"under":[37,178],"that":[38,78,199,225],"Act.":[39],"At":[40],"same":[42],"time,":[43],"there":[44],"continues":[45],"be":[47,227],"considerable":[48],"regulatory":[49],"activity":[50],"by":[51,59,73],"Federal":[53,61],"Reserve":[54],"Board,":[55],"some":[56],"enforcement":[57,70],"initiatives":[58],"Trade":[62],"Commission,":[63],"a":[65,119,136],"proposed":[66],"set":[67,221],"uniform":[69],"guidelines":[71],"issued":[72],"five":[75],"federal":[76],"agencies":[77],"supervise":[79],"depository":[80],"institutions.":[81],"The":[82,132,191],"1974":[89],"(Act),1":[90],"in":[92,97,113,229],"October":[93],"1975,":[94],"prohibited":[95],"discrimination":[96,145],"transactions":[99],"on":[100,128,149,243],"basis":[102,151],"sex":[104,187],"or":[105,172,188],"marital":[106,189],"status.":[107,190],"Congress":[108],"significantly":[109],"expanded":[110],"1976,2":[114],"those":[116],"amendments":[117,134],"(plus":[118],"wholly":[120],"new":[121,139,192,218],"implementing":[122],"regulation,":[123],"Regulation":[124,195,219],"B)3":[125],"took":[126],"effect":[127],"March":[129],"23,":[130],"1977.":[131],"1976":[133],"added":[135],"number":[137],"protected":[140],"categories":[141],"applicants.":[143],"is":[146],"now":[147],"barred":[148],"age":[153],"(provided":[154],"applicant":[156],"has":[157],"capacity":[159],"contract),":[161],"race,":[162],"color,":[163],"religion,":[164],"national":[165],"origin,":[166],"receipt":[167],"public":[169],"assistance":[170],"benefits,":[171],"good":[173],"faith":[174],"exercise":[175],"rights":[177],"Consumer":[180],"Protection":[182],"Act,":[183],"as":[184,186],"well":[185],"also":[196],"expressly":[197],"provide":[198],"applicants":[200,288],"entitled":[202],"learn":[204],"reasons":[206],"for":[207,271,289],"any":[208],"adverse":[209],"action":[210],"taken":[211],"against":[212],"them.":[213],"Other":[214],"provisions":[215],"B":[220],"forth:":[222],"information":[224,286],"may":[226],"solicited":[228],"applications;":[231,240],"rules":[233],"applicable":[234,266],"evaluation":[237],"limitations":[242],"creditor's":[245,256,280],"requirements":[246,265],"concerning":[247],"name":[248],"designations,":[249],"nonapplicant":[250],"signatures,":[251],"insurance;":[254],"right":[257],"establish":[259],"special":[260],"purpose":[261],"programs;":[263],"furnishing":[268],"histories":[270],"married":[272],"persons;":[273],"record":[275],"retention":[276],"requirements;":[277],"duty":[281],"gather":[283],"certain":[284],"monitoring":[285],"about":[287],"residential":[290],"real":[291],"property":[292],"credit.4":[293]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}