{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1548214749","doi":null,"title":"Double-hatted agencies on the European scene? A case study of the IMPEL network","display_name":"Double-hatted agencies on the European scene? A case study of the IMPEL network","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1548214749","mag":"1548214749"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:erp:arenax:p0012","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.arena.uio.no/publications/working-papers2005/papers/05_12.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066566132","display_name":"Maria Martens","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maria Martens","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066566132"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10289","display_name":"European Union Policy and Governance","score":0.9564999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10289","display_name":"European Union Policy and Governance","score":0.9564999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.011900000274181366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13710","display_name":"European and International Law Studies","score":0.011599999852478504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-commission","display_name":"European Commission","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-regulatory-agencies","display_name":"national regulatory agencies","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-authorities","display_name":"environmental authorities","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation-of-eu-law","display_name":"implementation of EU law","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/administrative-networks","display_name":"administrative networks","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decentralization","display_name":"decentralization","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-level-governance","display_name":"multi-level governance","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-environmental-policy","display_name":"EU environmental policy","score":0.5329999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.695256233215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509347","display_name":"Commission","level":2,"score":0.647666335105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.5941868424415588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136810230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188961","display_name":"Decentralization","level":2,"score":0.5939013957977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.5844358801841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.5814940929412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5244778990745544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.5242581367492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49822044372558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189261614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1459305","display_name":"Multi-level governance","level":3,"score":0.4770459532737732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.44800668954849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020782553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8880","display_name":"European commission","level":3,"score":0.4116089940071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2428109049797058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.12416386604309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09644466638565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.08815479278564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:erp:arenax:p0012","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.arena.uio.no/publications/working-papers2005/papers/05_12.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:1548214749","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:erp:arenax:p0012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7297000288963318,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33430200","https://openalex.org/W77787546","https://openalex.org/W203527571","https://openalex.org/W610373797","https://openalex.org/W1482892541","https://openalex.org/W1489050984","https://openalex.org/W1506884573","https://openalex.org/W1526187960","https://openalex.org/W1550684686","https://openalex.org/W1571685111","https://openalex.org/W1574686721","https://openalex.org/W1964336196","https://openalex.org/W1973071811","https://openalex.org/W1974218005","https://openalex.org/W1980917879","https://openalex.org/W1995205784","https://openalex.org/W2004802833","https://openalex.org/W2008377661","https://openalex.org/W2009985882","https://openalex.org/W2020080962","https://openalex.org/W2026272846","https://openalex.org/W2029732602","https://openalex.org/W2031871898","https://openalex.org/W2031958593","https://openalex.org/W2042375801","https://openalex.org/W2044383365","https://openalex.org/W2046608942","https://openalex.org/W2058869603","https://openalex.org/W2060433779","https://openalex.org/W2062608367","https://openalex.org/W2064975227","https://openalex.org/W2068598195","https://openalex.org/W2106181696","https://openalex.org/W2115015864","https://openalex.org/W2136920707","https://openalex.org/W2143214222","https://openalex.org/W2161878878","https://openalex.org/W2168398342","https://openalex.org/W2408087362","https://openalex.org/W2491928824","https://openalex.org/W2506515997","https://openalex.org/W2792650740","https://openalex.org/W3125143618"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2497189410","https://openalex.org/W2611250761","https://openalex.org/W2629028117","https://openalex.org/W178314913","https://openalex.org/W2073572875","https://openalex.org/W2061652280","https://openalex.org/W2985158783","https://openalex.org/W2042375801","https://openalex.org/W3006050155","https://openalex.org/W2044797191"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,123,222],"European":[1,103,143,202],"Commission":[2,104,144],"has":[3],"over":[4],"the":[5,21,43,50,67,76,95,102,110,134,142,150,168,186,190,201],"past":[6],"years":[7],"intensified":[8],"its":[9],"efforts":[10],"to":[11,37,71,81,90,173],"develop":[12],"alternative":[13],"and":[14,39,128,145,176],"non-legal":[15],"instruments":[16],"for":[17,60],"improving":[18],"implementation":[19,41,178],"in":[20,47,94,105,130,149,200,212,218],"member":[22,51],"states.":[23],"One":[24],"specific":[25],"instrument":[26],"is":[27,126,133,155,163],"networked":[28],"administrative":[29,78],"structures":[30],"with":[31,101],"national":[32,44,121,146],"regulatory":[33,72],"agencies":[34,73,86],",":[35,137],"aiming":[36],"harmonize":[38],"improve":[40],"at":[42,109,195],"\u2018street-level\u2019.":[45],"Changes":[46],"character":[48],"of":[49,69,120,179,198,207],"states\u2019":[52],"public":[53],"administrations":[54],"serve":[55],"as":[56,113,118,161,214],"an":[57,138,164],"important":[58],"background":[59],"these":[61,85],"developments,":[62],"a":[63,158,215],"distinctive":[64],"feature":[65],"being":[66],"decentralization":[68],"tasks":[70,117],"placed":[74,89],"outside":[75],"central":[77],"hierarchy.":[79],"Due":[80],"their":[82],"relative":[83],"autonomy,":[84],"are":[87],"well":[88],"work":[91],"\u2018double":[92],"\u2013hatted\u2019":[93],"sense":[96],"that":[97,157,166,183],"they":[98,114],"interact":[99],"directly":[100],"enforcing":[106],"EU":[107,152],"law,":[108,181],"same":[111],"time":[112],"perform":[115],"traditional":[116],"agents":[119],"ministries.":[122],"case":[124],"which":[125],"described":[127],"analyzed":[129],"this":[131,208],"paper":[132,209],"IMPEL":[135,162],"network":[136,140,159],"informal":[139],"between":[141,192],"environmental":[147],"authorities":[148],"various":[151,196],"countries.":[153],"It":[154],"argued":[156],"such":[160],"arrangement":[165],"on":[167,185],"one":[169],"hand":[170,188],"may":[171,184],"lead":[172],"more":[174],"effective":[175],"homogeneous":[177],"Community":[180],"but":[182],"other":[187],"challenge":[189],"balance":[191],"different":[193],"institutions":[194],"levels":[197],"governance":[199],"Union.":[203],"A":[204],"later":[205],"version":[206],"was":[210],"published":[211],"2006":[213],"book":[216],"chapter":[217],"M.":[219],"Egeberg":[220],"(ed.)":[221],"Multilevel":[223],"Union":[224],"Administration":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
