{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1547566977","doi":null,"title":"Refractive error in children in an urban population in New Delhi.","display_name":"Refractive error in children in an urban population in New Delhi.","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1547566977","mag":"1547566977","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11867576"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:11867576","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11867576","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/8789/1/Refractive%20error%20in%20children%20in%20an%20urban%20population%20in%20New%20Delhi_GREEN%20VoR.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080028911","display_name":"G. V. S. Murthy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5695-866X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5695-866X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G V S Murthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India","From the Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; the"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; the","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100656100","display_name":"Sanjeev Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2014-5333","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2014-5333","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7111-0368"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjeev K Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; the"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; the","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089038919","display_name":"Leon B. Ellwein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139686","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210139686"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leon B Ellwein","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210139686"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066389824","display_name":"Sergio Mu\u00f1oz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8383-6599","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8383-6599","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3631-0732"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11944219","display_name":"Universidad de La Frontera","ror":"https://ror.org/04v0snf24","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11944219"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio R Mu\u00f1oz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unidad de Epidemiologia Clinica, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unidad de Epidemiologia Clinica, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11944219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108823725","display_name":"Gopal Prasad Pokharel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gopal P Pokharel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foundation Eye Care Himalaya, Kathmandu, Nepal; and the"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foundation Eye Care Himalaya, Kathmandu, Nepal; and the","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039638790","display_name":"Lalit Sanga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lalit Sanga","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; the"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; the","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011852985","display_name":"Damodar Bachani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8259-5527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8259-5527"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799351866","display_name":"Government of India","ror":"https://ror.org/036h6g940","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damodar Bachani","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Programme for Control of Blindness, Ministry of Health, Government of India, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Programme for Control of Blindness, Ministry of Health, Government of India, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.0981,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":556,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99449844,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"3","first_page":"623","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13091","display_name":"Human Health and Disease","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-error","display_name":"refractive error","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myopia","display_name":"myopia","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperopia","display_name":"hyperopia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-impairment","display_name":"visual impairment","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-aged-children","display_name":"school-aged children","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncorrected-refractive-error","display_name":"uncorrected refractive error","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amblyopia","display_name":"amblyopia","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-disease","display_name":"retinal disease","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-population","display_name":"urban population","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-delhi","display_name":"New Delhi","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-education","display_name":"parental education","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.5490000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779501256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915524","display_name":"Retinoscopy","level":4,"score":0.8854513168334961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781135284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q470427","display_name":"Refractive error","level":3,"score":0.855774998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777381306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147596","display_name":"Cycloplegia","level":4,"score":0.8339771628379822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.6334009766578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778257484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555066","display_name":"Visual acuity","level":2,"score":0.6165257692337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6049729585647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781372952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Visual impairment","level":2,"score":0.5254983901977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.48005422949790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.4633415639400482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.424938827753067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007194","descriptor_name":"India","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011897","descriptor_name":"Random Allocation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012030","descriptor_name":"Refractive Errors","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012030","descriptor_name":"Refractive Errors","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014505","descriptor_name":"Urban Population","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014787","descriptor_name":"Vision Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014792","descriptor_name":"Visual Acuity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017677","descriptor_name":"Age Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017678","descriptor_name":"Sex Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:11867576","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11867576","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk:8789","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/view/creators/icrugmur.html>;","pdf_url":"https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/8789/1/Refractive%20error%20in%20children%20in%20an%20urban%20population%20in%20New%20Delhi_GREEN%20VoR.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402527","display_name":"LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","host_organization_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"mag:1547566977","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11867576","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk:8789","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/view/creators/icrugmur.html>;","pdf_url":"https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/8789/1/Refractive%20error%20in%20children%20in%20an%20urban%20population%20in%20New%20Delhi_GREEN%20VoR.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402527","display_name":"LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","host_organization_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1547566977.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1547566977.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17507337","https://openalex.org/W173258249","https://openalex.org/W1494644789","https://openalex.org/W1515372247","https://openalex.org/W1893272621","https://openalex.org/W1947848766","https://openalex.org/W1972511088","https://openalex.org/W2001624055","https://openalex.org/W2002083092","https://openalex.org/W2009348736","https://openalex.org/W2015795623","https://openalex.org/W2036280802","https://openalex.org/W2055179250","https://openalex.org/W2069024219","https://openalex.org/W2077546401","https://openalex.org/W2087208014","https://openalex.org/W2090139891","https://openalex.org/W2110868100","https://openalex.org/W2115153828","https://openalex.org/W2158040644","https://openalex.org/W2172040836","https://openalex.org/W2293379200","https://openalex.org/W2593013763","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494644789","https://openalex.org/W2800323269","https://openalex.org/W1984289223","https://openalex.org/W1985759954","https://openalex.org/W173258249","https://openalex.org/W2129347257","https://openalex.org/W1997828592","https://openalex.org/W2010098918","https://openalex.org/W2034644592","https://openalex.org/W4311624985"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"To":[1],"assess":[2],"the":[3,84,132,165,177,201],"prevalence":[4,150],"of":[5,26,36,42,83,98,117,131,137,151,160,181,234,252,257,263,289],"refractive":[6,96,210,265],"error":[7,97,175,211,266],"and":[8,61,77,81,88,103,114,145,155,171,197,236],"related":[9],"visual":[10,70,158],"impairment":[11],"in":[12,15,19,51,129,164,179,187,191,195,200,209,214,218,222,226,232,238,250,273,277],"school-aged":[13,275],"children":[14,37,50,139,216,224,235,251,276],"an":[16,206],"urban":[17,274],"population":[18],"New":[20],"Delhi,":[21],"India.":[22,278],"METHODS:":[23],"Random":[24],"selection":[25],"geographically":[27],"defined":[28,92],"clusters":[29,54],"was":[30,91,168,176,205,230,241,247],"used":[31],"to":[32,39,283],"identify":[33],"a":[34,58,64,115,268],"sample":[35,116],"5":[38],"15":[40],"years":[41],"age.":[43],"From":[44],"December":[45],"2000":[46],"through":[47,57],"March":[48],"2001,":[49],"22":[52],"selected":[53],"were":[55,143],"enumerated":[56],"door-to-door":[59],"survey":[60],"examined":[62],"at":[63,99],"local":[65],"facility.":[66],"The":[67,149],"examination":[68,82],"included":[69],"acuity":[71,159],"measurements,":[72],"ocular":[73],"motility":[74],"evaluation,":[75],"retinoscopy":[76],"autorefraction":[78],"under":[79],"cycloplegia,":[80],"anterior":[85],"segment,":[86],"media,":[87],"fundus.":[89],"Myopia":[90,246],"as":[93,105],"spherical":[94],"equivalent":[95],"least":[100],"-0.50":[101],"D":[102,107],"hyperopia":[104,213,229],"+2.00":[106],"or":[108,162],"more.":[109],"Children":[110],"with":[111,119,183,243,254],"reduced":[112],"vision":[113,121,184,261,290],"those":[118],"normal":[120],"underwent":[122],"independent":[123],"replicate":[124],"examinations":[125],"for":[126],"quality":[127],"assurance":[128],"four":[130],"clusters.":[133],"RESULTS:":[134],"A":[135],"total":[136],"7008":[138],"from":[140,212],"3426":[141],"households":[142],"enumerated,":[144],"6447":[146],"(92.0%)":[147],"examined.":[148],"uncorrected,":[152],"baseline":[153],"(presenting),":[154],"best":[156],"corrected":[157],"20/40":[161],"worse":[163],"better":[166],"eye":[167],"6.4%,":[169],"4.9%,":[170],"0.81%,":[172],"respectively.":[173],"Refractive":[174],"cause":[178,288],"81.7%":[180],"eyes":[182],"impairment,":[185],"amblyopia":[186],"4.4%,":[188],"retinal":[189],"disorders":[190],"4.7%,":[192],"other":[193],"causes":[194,199],"3.3%,":[196],"unexplained":[198],"remaining":[202],"5.9%.":[203],"There":[204],"age-related":[207],"shift":[208],"young":[215],"(15.6%":[217],"5-year-olds)":[219],"toward":[220],"myopia":[221,237],"older":[223],"(10.8%":[225],"15-year-olds).":[227],"Overall,":[228],"present":[231],"7.7%":[233],"7.4%.":[239],"Hyperopia":[240],"associated":[242],"female":[244],"gender.":[245],"more":[248],"common":[249],"fathers":[253],"higher":[255],"levels":[256],"education.":[258],"CONCLUSIONS:":[259],"Reduced":[260],"because":[262],"uncorrected":[264],"is":[267],"major":[269],"public":[270],"health":[271],"problem":[272],"Cost-effective":[279],"strategies":[280],"are":[281],"needed":[282],"eliminate":[284],"this":[285],"easily":[286],"treated":[287],"impairment.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":22}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}