{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1546473500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05627.x","title":"Reducing Aluminum Residuals in Finished Water","display_name":"Reducing Aluminum Residuals in Finished Water","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1546473500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05627.x","mag":"1546473500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05627.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05627.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05627.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24940445","display_name":"American Water Works Association","issn_l":"0003-150X","issn":["0003-150X","1551-8833","2164-4535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal AWWA","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089253668","display_name":"Naeem Ahmed Qureshi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naeem Qureshi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060564764","display_name":"Rickard H. Malmberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rickard H. Malmberg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3050,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3050},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2151,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83646751,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"77","issue":"10","first_page":"101","last_page":"108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11188","display_name":"Coagulation and Flocculation Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11188","display_name":"Coagulation and Flocculation Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14252","display_name":"Water and Wastewater Treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finished-water","display_name":"finished water","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alum-coagulation","display_name":"alum coagulation","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sweep-coagulation","display_name":"sweep coagulation","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ph-adjustment","display_name":"pH adjustment","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lime-stabilization","display_name":"lime stabilization","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ferric-chloride","display_name":"ferric chloride","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-hardness","display_name":"water hardness","score":0.5669999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780924562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190527","display_name":"Alum","level":2,"score":0.9617860317230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778382381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179217","display_name":"Coagulation","level":2,"score":0.7247095108032227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780534640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3233795","display_name":"Ferric","level":2,"score":0.7069091796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778695967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44791900","display_name":"Chloride","level":2,"score":0.6652132272720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778218555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250423","display_name":"Lime","level":2,"score":0.6477971076965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513153333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663","display_name":"Aluminium","level":2,"score":0.6259991526603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64016661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898574","display_name":"Turbidity","level":2,"score":0.5669970512390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5284996628761292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190960625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058719","display_name":"Water treatment","level":2,"score":0.44659820199012756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.4337753355503082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.364063024520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.34992682933807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.23783758282661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.18115761876106262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.179805189371109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07522624731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07464545965194702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05627.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05627.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05627.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24940445","display_name":"American Water Works Association","issn_l":"0003-150X","issn":["0003-150X","1551-8833","2164-4535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal AWWA","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.965499997138977,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.807699978351593,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91250632","https://openalex.org/W1499684252","https://openalex.org/W1521898320","https://openalex.org/W1577239572","https://openalex.org/W1606301498","https://openalex.org/W1983852953","https://openalex.org/W2003335368","https://openalex.org/W2039490668","https://openalex.org/W2889117757","https://openalex.org/W4237965570"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2370799044","https://openalex.org/W992711529","https://openalex.org/W2438363071","https://openalex.org/W3008870441","https://openalex.org/W2358646948","https://openalex.org/W1590769355","https://openalex.org/W1949396620","https://openalex.org/W2293347723","https://openalex.org/W2752080930","https://openalex.org/W2348567166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pilot\u2010":[0],"and":[1,93,112],"plant\u2010scale":[2],"tests":[3],"were":[4],"conducted":[5],"in":[6,9,16,51,114],"Minneapolis,":[7],"Minn.,":[8],"an":[10],"attempt":[11],"to":[12,61,80],"reduce":[13],"aluminum":[14,40,77],"residuals":[15,41,78,111],"the":[17,24,34,45,53,63,71,84,105,110],"finished":[18],"water.":[19],"At":[20,90],"high":[21],"pH,":[22],"when":[23],"predominant":[25],"mode":[26],"of":[27,36,75,83,107],"alum":[28,85],"coagulation":[29],"is":[30,79],"sweep":[31],"coagulation,":[32],"increasing":[33],"intensity":[35],"chemical":[37],"mixing":[38],"reduced":[39,109],"only":[42],"slightly.":[43],"Reducing":[44],"pH":[46,57],"with":[47,59,87],"acid":[48],"was":[49],"effective":[50],"reducing":[52,76],"residuals,":[54],"but":[55],"posttreatment":[56],"adjustment":[58],"lime":[60],"stabilize":[62],"water":[64,96],"increased":[65],"its":[66],"hardness.":[67],"It":[68],"appears":[69],"that":[70],"most":[72],"promising":[73],"means":[74],"replace":[81],"part":[82],"dosage":[86,106],"ferric":[88,99],"chloride.":[89],"both":[91],"Minneapolis":[92],"St.":[94],"Paul":[95],"treatment":[97],"plants,":[98],"chloride,":[100],"at":[101],"less":[102],"than":[103],"half":[104],"alum,":[108],"resulted":[113],"longer":[115],"filter":[116],"runs.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}