{"id":"https://openalex.org/W154540927","doi":null,"title":"Religion/spirituality in African-American culture: an essential aspect of psychiatric care.","display_name":"Religion/spirituality in African-American culture: an essential aspect of psychiatric care.","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W154540927","mag":"154540927","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12069218","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2594329"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12069218","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12069218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","raw_type":"Case Reports"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2594329/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102021596","display_name":"JAMES H. CARTER","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9339-6221","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9339-6221"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James H Carter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102021596"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6749,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84038089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"94","issue":"5","first_page":"371","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10509","display_name":"Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10509","display_name":"Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12194","display_name":"Cultural Competency in Health Care","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13109","display_name":"Theological Perspectives and Practices","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religion-and-spirituality","display_name":"religion and spirituality","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-americans","display_name":"African Americans","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-nursing","display_name":"psychiatric nursing","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evangelicalism","display_name":"evangelical Christianity","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiritual-health","display_name":"spiritual health","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biopsychosocial-spiritual-model","display_name":"biopsychosocial-spiritual model","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-decision-making","display_name":"treatment decision-making","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-adherence","display_name":"medication adherence","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-diversity","display_name":"religious diversity","score":0.3199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C514793146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168796","display_name":"Spirituality","level":3,"score":0.9306670427322388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137886200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725568","display_name":"Biopsychosocial model","level":2,"score":0.7484903931617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.533980131149292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.5298008322715759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.5139148235321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4374399781227112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150152722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9268","display_name":"Judaism","level":2,"score":0.4113468527793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.38003653287887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3619319200515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.30901679396629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.22073015570640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.1982734501361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.10705021023750305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003466","descriptor_name":"Cultural Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012069","descriptor_name":"Religion and Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029181","descriptor_name":"Spirituality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12069218","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12069218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","raw_type":"Case Reports"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2594329","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2594329/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:154540927","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12069218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2594329","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2594329/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72880498","https://openalex.org/W1977291996","https://openalex.org/W2024724556","https://openalex.org/W2410099587","https://openalex.org/W2414085437"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163140702","https://openalex.org/W4391806321","https://openalex.org/W2103704809","https://openalex.org/W2000179653","https://openalex.org/W1515419330","https://openalex.org/W4243874147","https://openalex.org/W7096766409","https://openalex.org/W161038437","https://openalex.org/W2241716301","https://openalex.org/W4401113436"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,88],"an":[2],"astonishing":[3],"diversity":[4],"of":[5,13,23,31,45,61,74,91,134,149],"religious":[6,39],"beliefs":[7,67],"and":[8,21,26,50,65,68,84,128,146],"practices":[9],"in":[10,42,82,139],"the":[11,18,43,75,116,124],"history":[12],"African":[14,32,135],"Americans":[15,136],"that":[16,94],"influences":[17],"presentation,":[19],"diagnosis,":[20],"management":[22],"both":[24],"physical":[25],"mental":[27],"disorders.":[28],"The":[29],"majority":[30],"Americans,":[33],"however,":[34],"are":[35,137],"evangelical":[36],"Christians":[37],"with":[38],"experiences":[40],"originating":[41],"regions":[44],"ancient":[46],"Africa":[47],"(Cush,":[48],"Punt,":[49],"to":[51],"a":[52,89,104,111],"great":[53],"extent,":[54],"Egypt),":[55],"as":[56,58,103],"well":[57],"black":[59],"adaptation":[60],"Hebraic,":[62],"Jewish,":[63],"Christian,":[64],"Islamic":[66],"rituals.":[69],"Consequently,":[70],"more":[71],"than":[72],"60":[73],"nation's":[76],"125":[77],"medical":[78,126,155],"schools":[79],"offer":[80],"classes":[81],"spirituality":[83],"health.":[85],"Although":[86],"there":[87],"lack":[90],"empirical":[92],"evidence":[93],"religion":[95],"improves":[96],"health":[97,112],"outcomes,":[98],"physicians":[99],"should":[100],"understand":[101],"patients":[102,151],"biopsychosocial-spiritual":[105],"whole.":[106],"Asking":[107],"about":[108],"religion/spirituality":[109,141],"during":[110],"assessment":[113],"can":[114],"help":[115],"physician":[117],"determine":[118],"whether":[119],"religious/spiritual":[120],"factors":[121],"will":[122],"influence":[123],"patient's":[125],"decisions":[127,145],"compliance.":[129],"Two":[130],"psychiatric":[131],"case":[132],"histories":[133],"presented":[138],"which":[140],"significantly":[142],"influenced":[143],"treatment":[144],"results.":[147],"Neither":[148],"these":[150],"suffered":[152],"major":[153],"debilitating":[154],"comorbidity.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}