{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1544501954","doi":null,"title":"Colonic mucus, smoking and ulcerative colitis.","display_name":"Colonic mucus, smoking and ulcerative colitis.","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1544501954","mag":"1544501954","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8678464","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2502541"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:8678464","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8678464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2502541/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037261745","display_name":"Rupert D. Pullan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162236","display_name":"Ysbyty Gwynedd Hospital NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/01e9g9p17","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162236"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R D Pullan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037261745"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162236"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8287,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84289767,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"78","issue":"2","first_page":"85","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10134","display_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10134","display_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13569","display_name":"Microscopic Colitis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11194","display_name":"Ocular Diseases and Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Syndrome","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonic-mucus","display_name":"colonic mucus","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ulcerative-colitis","display_name":"ulcerative colitis","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotine","display_name":"nicotine","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mucus-gel-layer","display_name":"mucus gel layer","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mucus-layer-thickness","display_name":"mucus layer thickness","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crohn-s-disease","display_name":"Crohn's disease","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mucosal-protection","display_name":"mucosal protection","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-smoke","display_name":"tobacco smoke","score":0.9190000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780479503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477","display_name":"Ulcerative colitis","level":3,"score":0.9199478626251221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777312293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3649349","display_name":"Mucus","level":2,"score":0.9100099205970764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7546775937080383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.6544376611709595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775862500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2453464","display_name":"Colitis","level":2,"score":0.6302327513694763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781074409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158716","display_name":"Rectum","level":2,"score":0.5952203273773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28086552","display_name":"Nicotine","level":2,"score":0.5942560434341431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5262312889099121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.5064960718154907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3008195757865906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.28764432668685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09064298868179321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000074606","descriptor_name":"Smoking Prevention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003093","descriptor_name":"Colitis, Ulcerative","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003093","descriptor_name":"Colitis, Ulcerative","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003106","descriptor_name":"Colon","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007413","descriptor_name":"Intestinal Mucosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009093","descriptor_name":"Mucus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009538","descriptor_name":"Nicotine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:8678464","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8678464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2502541","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2502541/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:1544501954","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8678464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2502541","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2502541/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9922999739646912,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142245297","https://openalex.org/W1963571350","https://openalex.org/W2047369943","https://openalex.org/W2053809864","https://openalex.org/W2068796907","https://openalex.org/W2070314106","https://openalex.org/W2080670314","https://openalex.org/W2089830686","https://openalex.org/W2100672979","https://openalex.org/W2157687589","https://openalex.org/W2169443532","https://openalex.org/W2315418290","https://openalex.org/W2332125764","https://openalex.org/W2345829760","https://openalex.org/W3140530589"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2047369943","https://openalex.org/W2277917332","https://openalex.org/W76103843","https://openalex.org/W184017863","https://openalex.org/W181954781","https://openalex.org/W2024113715","https://openalex.org/W2029928288","https://openalex.org/W2100672979","https://openalex.org/W2031606495","https://openalex.org/W2010852094"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"colonic":[1,70,107],"mucosal":[2,28],"protection":[3,29],"is":[4,97,110,120,173,177],"not":[5],"fully":[6],"understood":[7],"but":[8],"may":[9,25,142],"in":[10,67,89,103,132,169,181],"part":[11],"rely":[12],"on":[13,82,165],"a":[14,47,56,77,123,178],"layer":[15,48,63,96,109],"of":[16,37,43,49,61,79,129,150],"mucus":[17,51,62,108,168,179],"gel":[18,52],"adherent":[19,50],"to":[20,40,74,86,155,187],"the":[21,41,83,90,95,106,114,148],"mucosa.":[22],"Ulcerative":[23],"colitis":[24,94,119,183],"occur":[26],"if":[27],"breaks":[30],"down.":[31],"Two":[32],"studies":[33],"are":[34],"presented,":[35],"both":[36,144],"which":[38],"relate":[39],"aetiology":[42],"ulcerative":[44,93,182],"colitis.":[45,158],"First,":[46],"was":[53,138],"demonstrated":[54],"by":[55,122],"simple,":[57],"reliable":[58],"method.":[59],"Measurements":[60],"thickness":[64],"were":[65],"made":[66],"freshly":[68],"resected":[69],"specimens":[71],"and":[72,118,126,147,161,167],"shown":[73],"increase":[75],"from":[76],"mean":[78],"107":[80],"microns":[81,88],"right":[84],"colon":[85],"155":[87],"rectum.":[91],"In":[92],"significantly":[98,111],"thinner":[99],"or":[100],"absent,":[101],"whereas":[102],"Crohn's":[104],"disease":[105],"thicker.":[112],"Second,":[113],"relationship":[115],"between":[116],"smoking":[117,160,185],"explored":[121],"double-blind,":[124],"randomised":[125],"placebo-controlled":[127],"trial":[128],"transdermal":[130],"nicotine":[131,141,162],"active":[133],"disease.":[134],"Significant":[135],"clinical":[136],"benefit":[137],"seen,":[139],"indicating":[140],"be":[143],"useful":[145],"therapeutically":[146],"component":[149],"tobacco":[151],"smoke":[152],"that":[153,175,184],"acts":[154,186],"protect":[156],"against":[157],"Since":[159],"have":[163],"actions":[164],"mucosae":[166],"other":[170],"organs,":[171],"it":[172],"argued":[174],"there":[176],"deficiency":[180],"reverse.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
