{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1542594145","doi":null,"title":"INDUCED SPUTUM- AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS. -","display_name":"INDUCED SPUTUM- AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS. -","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1542594145","mag":"1542594145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1542594145","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ejmanager.com/mnstemps/86/86-1400649545.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765005913","display_name":"Journal Of Advance Researches In Medical Sciences","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal Of Advance Researches In Medical Sciences","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068535433","display_name":"Amit K. Agarwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7136-8206","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7136-8206"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Agarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7136-8206","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072221427","display_name":"Anurag Agarwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6148-0683","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6148-0683"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anurag Agarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6148-0683","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"68","last_page":"72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11381","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12578","display_name":"Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induced-sputum","display_name":"induced sputum","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-tuberculosis","display_name":"pulmonary tuberculosis","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertonic-saline-nebulization","display_name":"hypertonic saline nebulization","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smear-negative-pulmonary-tuberculosis","display_name":"smear-negative tuberculosis","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acid-fast-bacilli","display_name":"acid-fast bacilli","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ziehl-neelsen-staining","display_name":"Ziehl-Neelsen staining","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterial-culture","display_name":"mycobacterial culture","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bactec-460","display_name":"BACTEC 460","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-invasive-diagnosis","display_name":"non-invasive diagnosis","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-case-finding","display_name":"tuberculosis case detection","score":0.597000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776301714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259346","display_name":"Sputum","level":3,"score":0.9351704120635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9302643537521362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017567848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275792","display_name":"Hypertonic saline","level":2,"score":0.9016748070716858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.643306314945221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908628106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Pulmonary tuberculosis","level":3,"score":0.5455356240272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780352487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2281580","display_name":"Nebulizer","level":2,"score":0.5059537291526794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777397205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275792","display_name":"Saline","level":2,"score":0.48868921399116516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779912665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7581635","display_name":"Sputum culture","level":4,"score":0.43038395047187805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.367980420589447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3656581938266754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.2535434365272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.2250618040561676}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1542594145","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ejmanager.com/mnstemps/86/86-1400649545.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765005913","display_name":"Journal Of Advance Researches In Medical Sciences","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal Of Advance Researches In Medical Sciences","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22985737","https://openalex.org/W68397243","https://openalex.org/W171177021","https://openalex.org/W1474656340","https://openalex.org/W1504424980","https://openalex.org/W1577416080","https://openalex.org/W1970186373","https://openalex.org/W1988095236","https://openalex.org/W2001170553","https://openalex.org/W2015371913","https://openalex.org/W2028219354","https://openalex.org/W2038577762","https://openalex.org/W2069211273","https://openalex.org/W2080949414","https://openalex.org/W2084627265","https://openalex.org/W2096785635","https://openalex.org/W2102483854","https://openalex.org/W2118950151","https://openalex.org/W2127275168","https://openalex.org/W2137468029","https://openalex.org/W2148331953","https://openalex.org/W2149640901","https://openalex.org/W2172209218","https://openalex.org/W2172732936","https://openalex.org/W2407208008","https://openalex.org/W2767340338","https://openalex.org/W2789219147"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977383365","https://openalex.org/W2764152571","https://openalex.org/W6969220605","https://openalex.org/W4200366991","https://openalex.org/W1504424980","https://openalex.org/W2048780645","https://openalex.org/W2090219639","https://openalex.org/W4386414133","https://openalex.org/W4382983145","https://openalex.org/W1665917893"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"children":[0],"with":[1,55,66,96,152,162,193,206,214],"active":[2],"TB,":[3,99],"when":[4],"a":[5,50,56,157,298],"set":[6],"of":[7,42,75,88,127,135,140,148,190,217,243,311,320],"three":[8,287],"samples":[9],"are":[10,44,101,108],"subjected":[11,228,249],"to":[12,45,84,103,229,250,275],"both":[13,278],"microscopy":[14],"and":[15,33,52,129,181,187,233,281,301,304],"culture.":[16],"Bronchoscopy":[17],"is":[18,49,123,139,297],"an":[19],"invasive":[20],"procedure,":[21],"only":[22],"available":[23],"in":[24,72,90,94,160,253,279,308],"the":[25,39,73,86,92,146,241,309,316],"large":[26,40],"hospitals,":[27],"needs":[28],"experts":[29],"for":[30,175,201,240],"performance,":[31],"costly":[32],"may":[34],"not":[35,61],"be":[36,46,276],"feasible":[37],"if":[38,60],"numbers":[41],"patients":[43,95,161,185,261,272,288],"tested.":[47],"SI":[48,65,89,296],"cheap":[51,300],"non-invasive":[53,302],"alternative":[54],"diagnostic":[57,158],"yield":[58,307],"same":[59],"better":[62],"than":[63],"bronchoscope.":[64],"hypertonic":[67,153,219],"saline":[68,154,220],"has":[69],"been":[70],"used":[71],"diagnosis":[74,93,310],"various":[76],"respiratory":[77],"disorders.":[78],"The":[79,225,245],"present":[80],"study":[81],"was":[82,212],"performed":[83],"evaluate":[85],"use":[87],"establishing":[91],"suspected":[97,163,189],"pulmonary":[98,136,164,191,312,323],"who":[100,166],"unable":[102],"produce":[104,263],"adequate":[105,264],"sputum":[106,149,169,172,195,198,208,265,284],"or":[107,170,196],"found":[109,274],"negative":[110,174,200],"on":[111],"smear":[112,173,199,280,290,321],"examinations.":[113],"ABSTRACT":[114],"Background:":[115],"In":[116],"developing":[117],"countries":[118],"like":[119],"India":[120],"where":[121],"there":[122],"very":[124],"high":[125],"prevalence":[126],"TB":[128,130,165,192,256],"HIV":[131],"co-infection":[132],"microbiological":[133],"confirmation":[134],"tuberculosis":[137],"(TB)":[138],"paramount":[141],"importance.":[142],"Objectives:":[143],"To":[144],"assess":[145],"significance":[147],"induction":[150],"(SI)":[151],"nebulization":[155],"as":[156],"tool":[159],"have":[167,171,197],"no/inadequate":[168,194],"acid":[176,202],"fast":[177,203],"bacillus":[178,204],"(AFB).":[179],"Materials":[180],"Methods:":[182],"Total":[183],"eighty":[184],"clinically":[186],"radiologically":[188],"(AFB)":[205],"spontaneous":[207],"were":[209,227,234,247,273,289],"studied.":[210],"Sputum":[211,268],"induced":[213],"20":[215],"ml":[216],"3%":[218],"solution":[221],"delivered":[222],"through":[223],"nebulizer.":[224],"specimens":[226,246],"Ziehl":[230],"Neelsen":[231],"staining":[232],"examined":[235],"under":[236],"oil":[237],"immersion":[238],"lens":[239],"presence":[242],"AFB.":[244],"also":[248],"mycobaterial":[251],"culture":[252,282,293],"BACTEC":[254],"460":[255],"system.":[257],"Results:":[258],"Seventy":[259],"six":[260],"could":[262],"after":[266],"SI.":[267],"from":[269,285],"thirty":[270],"two":[271],"positive":[277,322],"while":[283],"another":[286],"negative,":[291],"but":[292],"positive.":[294],"Conclusion:":[295],"safe,":[299],"procedure":[303],"provides":[305],"significant":[306],"TB;":[313],"thus,":[314],"increasing":[315],"case":[317],"detection":[318],"rate":[319],"TB.":[324]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
