{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1542543451","doi":null,"title":"Procreational autonomy v. state intervention: opportunity or crisis for a brave new world?","display_name":"Procreational autonomy v. state intervention: opportunity or crisis for a brave new world?","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1542543451","mag":"1542543451","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11650886"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:11650886","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11650886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Notre Dame journal of law, ethics & public policy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1574&context=scholar","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112763106","display_name":"George P. Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George P Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112763106"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3956,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61070394,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"635","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11156","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Technologies","score":0.8223000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11156","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Technologies","score":0.8223000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13275","display_name":"Medical and Health Sciences Research","score":0.11050000041723251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.05000000074505806,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-vitro-fertilization","display_name":"in vitro fertilization","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-technology-ethics","display_name":"reproductive technology ethics","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religion-and-bioethics","display_name":"religion and bioethics","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warnock-committee","display_name":"Warnock Committee","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unmarried-women","display_name":"unmarried women","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infertility","display_name":"infertility","score":0.8080000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.6722934246063232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5259640216827393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.524857759475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.49619871377944946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.34205949306488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.32122790813446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.31016218662261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.23756766319274902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.18181994557380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17895784974098206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.057274192571640015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000028","descriptor_name":"Abortion, Induced","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001315","descriptor_name":"Australia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002410","descriptor_name":"Catholicism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002961","descriptor_name":"Civil Rights","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004622","descriptor_name":"Embryo, Mammalian","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004624","descriptor_name":"Embryo Transfer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004989","descriptor_name":"Ethics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005195","descriptor_name":"Family Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005307","descriptor_name":"Fertilization in Vitro","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006805","descriptor_name":"Human Experimentation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007603","descriptor_name":"Jurisprudence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011050","descriptor_name":"Policy Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011640","descriptor_name":"Public Policy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012067","descriptor_name":"Religion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012098","descriptor_name":"Reproduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012306","descriptor_name":"Risk","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012847","descriptor_name":"Single Person","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012926","descriptor_name":"Social Control, Formal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012945","descriptor_name":"Social Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014019","descriptor_name":"Tissue Donors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014933","descriptor_name":"Women's Rights","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015276","descriptor_name":"Health Care Rationing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015925","descriptor_name":"Cryopreservation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018454","descriptor_name":"Spouses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018579","descriptor_name":"Patient Selection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018587","descriptor_name":"Oocyte Donation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018864","descriptor_name":"Cultural Diversity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018907","descriptor_name":"Privacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D027724","descriptor_name":"Reproductive Techniques, Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033161","descriptor_name":"Government Regulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035521","descriptor_name":"Supreme Court Decisions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:11650886","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11650886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Notre Dame journal of law, ethics & public policy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.edu:scholar-1574","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/scholar/585","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1574&context=scholar","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196759","display_name":"Scholarship at Catholic Law (Catholic University of America)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84470341","host_organization_name":"Catholic University of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scholarly Articles","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.nd.edu:ndjlepp-1613","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndjlepp/vol2/iss3/9","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1613&context=ndjlepp","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57128295","display_name":"Journal of legislation","issn_l":"0146-9584","issn":["0146-9584"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316639","host_organization_name":"Notre Dame Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316639","https://openalex.org/P4310316167"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Notre Dame Law School","University of Notre Dame"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.nd.edu:ndjlepp-1607","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndjlepp/vol2/iss3/3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57128295","display_name":"Journal of legislation","issn_l":"0146-9584","issn":["0146-9584"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316639","host_organization_name":"Notre Dame Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316639","https://openalex.org/P4310316167"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Notre Dame Law School","University of Notre Dame"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/732498","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Procreational+Autonomy+V.+State+Intervention:+Opportunity+or+Crisis+for+a+Brave+New+World?&title=Notre+Dame+Journal+of+Law,+Ethics+and+Public+Policy.+&volume=2&issue=3&pages=635-660&date=1986&au=Smith,+George+P.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BRL:KIE/30606","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/813144","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Procreational+Autonomy+v.+State+Intervention:+Opportunity+or+Crisis+for+a+Brave+New+World?&title=NOTRE+DAME+JOURNAL+OF+LAW,+ETHICS+&+PUBLIC+POLICY+&volume=2&issue=3&spage=1986&date=1986-03&au=Smith,+George+P.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:65309","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:1542543451","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11650886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.edu:scholar-1574","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/scholar/585","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1574&context=scholar","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196759","display_name":"Scholarship at Catholic Law (Catholic University of America)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84470341","host_organization_name":"Catholic University of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84470341"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scholarly Articles","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47620001435279846,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1542543451.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1542543451.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W813616003","https://openalex.org/W116540175","https://openalex.org/W1489714187","https://openalex.org/W2149106195","https://openalex.org/W7219347739","https://openalex.org/W1579493831","https://openalex.org/W377948359","https://openalex.org/W4407318864","https://openalex.org/W4390945134","https://openalex.org/W2026015381"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,81,115,244],"new":[1,40,74,92,223],"reproductive":[2,75],"biology,":[3],"in":[4,77,90,96,148,154,164,165,210,216],"all":[5],"its":[6,185],"complexity,":[7],"promises":[8],"untold":[9,44],"opportunities":[10],"for":[11,46,53,133,160],"resolving":[12],"heart-breaking":[13],"problems":[14,45],"of":[15,23,72,88,112,119,124,137,142,176,179,191,239],"infertility":[16],"and":[17,35,69,94,99,104,110,135,150,162,184,224,241],"will":[18,61,83,127,172,221],"clearly":[19],"expand":[20,236],"the":[21,24,39,47,56,73,86,102,108,120,140,151,170,174,189,192,206,237,250],"meaning":[22],"very":[25],"term,":[26],"procreational":[27],"autonomy,":[28],"as":[29,129,199,201],"a":[30,130,211,217],"reference":[31,138],"to":[32,139,204,235,248,257],"both":[33],"unmarried":[34,182],"married":[36],"women.":[37],"Still,":[38],"biology":[41],"presents":[42],"equally":[43],"physician,":[48],"lawyer,":[49],"ethicist,":[50],"theologian":[51],"and,":[52,214],"that":[54,198],"matter,":[55],"average":[57],"person.":[58],"This":[59,195],"article":[60,82,171,196],"consider,":[62],"essentially,":[63],"one":[64],"major":[65],"medical,":[66],"legal,":[67],"ethical":[68,103],"religious":[70,232],"challenge":[71],"biology:":[76],"vitro":[78,166],"fertilization":[79,167],"(IVF).":[80],"first":[84],"survey":[85],"force":[87,209],"religion":[89],"shaping":[91],"attitudes":[93],"directions":[95],"this":[97],"area":[98],"then":[100],"summarize":[101],"philosophical":[105],"concerns":[106],"about":[107],"use":[109],"development":[111],"IVF":[113,180],"procedures.":[114,168],"now":[116],"famous":[117],"case":[118],"frozen":[121],"\"orphan\"":[122],"embryos":[123],"Melbourne,":[125],"Australia":[126,149],"serve":[128],"focal":[131],"paradigm":[132],"analysis":[134],"point":[136],"work":[141,161],"two":[143],"study":[144],"commissions-the":[145],"Waller":[146],"Committee":[147,153],"Warnock":[152],"England-that":[155],"have":[156],"charted":[157],"investigative":[158],"parameters":[159],"experimentation":[163],"Finally,":[169],"probe":[173],"complications":[175],"complete":[177],"utilization":[178],"by":[181],"women":[183],"devastating":[186],"effect":[187],"on":[188],"sanctity":[190],"family":[193],"unit.":[194],"concludes":[197],"long":[200],"procreation":[202],"continues":[203],"remain":[205],"central":[207],"driving":[208],"marital":[212],"relationship":[213],"indeed,":[215],"progressive":[218],"society,":[219],"men":[220],"undertake":[222],"sometimes":[225],"controversial":[226],"endeavors-with":[227],"or":[228,231],"without":[229],"state":[230,245],"approval-in":[233],"order":[234],"period":[238],"fecundity":[240],"combat":[242],"infertility.":[243],"must":[246],"begin":[247],"regulate":[249],"field":[251],"now,":[252],"rather":[253],"than":[254],"allow":[255],"it":[256],"develop":[258],"haphazardly.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}