{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1542535465","doi":null,"title":"Independent Component Analysis of Simulated EEG Using a Three-Shell Spherical Head Model.","display_name":"Independent Component Analysis of Simulated EEG Using a Three-Shell Spherical Head Model.","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1542535465","mag":"1542535465"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.35.3359","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.35.3359","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.cnl.salk.edu/pub/jung/INC9601.ps.Z","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030520972","display_name":"Dara G. Ghahremani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6731-6817","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6731-6817"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dara G. Ghahremani","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6731-6817","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053345339","display_name":"Scott Makeig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9048-8438","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9048-8438"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Makeig","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9048-8438","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055443847","display_name":"Tzyy\u2010Ping Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-2166","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-2166"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tzyy\u2010Ping Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-2166","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105179107","display_name":"Anthony J. Bell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7124-7884","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7124-7884"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. J. Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7124-7884","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044141636","display_name":"Terrence J. Sejnowski A B","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0622-7391","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0622-7391"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terrence J. Sejnowski","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0622-7391","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8383,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73799884,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.7904999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.7904999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.20739999413490295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12303","display_name":"Tensor decomposition and applications","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2605","display_name":"Computational Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-component-analysis","display_name":"independent component analysis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dipole-source","display_name":"dipole source","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-noise","display_name":"sensor noise","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-localization","display_name":"source localization","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dipole-orientation","display_name":"dipole orientation","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multichannel-eeg","display_name":"multichannel EEG","score":0.7099999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51432778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259145","display_name":"Independent component analysis","level":2,"score":0.8655992746353149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.850802481174469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5615057349205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5301816463470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4922551214694977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173523689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215589","display_name":"Dipole","level":2,"score":0.45463910698890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45282962918281555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.42435723543167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34152162075042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20759567618370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10916826128959656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.07534703612327576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.35.3359","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.35.3359","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.cnl.salk.edu/pub/jung/INC9601.ps.Z","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.49.8050","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.49.8050","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.cnl.salk.edu/pub/dara/INC-techrep.ps.Z","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:ADA379119","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA379119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"DTIC AND NTIS","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:1542535465","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA379119.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096265653","https://openalex.org/W4313527394","https://openalex.org/W2157765880","https://openalex.org/W2171746332","https://openalex.org/W7099423321","https://openalex.org/W1555594295","https://openalex.org/W1762948893","https://openalex.org/W26283187","https://openalex.org/W2043425833","https://openalex.org/W2103314750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,104],"Independent":[1],"Component":[2],"Analysis":[3],"(ICA)":[4],"algorithm":[5,31,39,105],"is":[6],"a":[7,59],"new":[8],"information-theoretic":[9],"approach":[10],"to":[11,40,64,90],"the":[12,25,29,38,75,91,97,110,117,137],"problem":[13],"of":[14,28,112,119,127],"separating":[15],"multichannel":[16],"electroencephalographic":[17],"(EEG)":[18],"data":[19,45],"into":[20],"independent":[21],"sources.":[22],"We":[23],"tested":[24],"potential":[26],"usefulness":[27],"ICA":[30],"for":[32],"EEG":[33,42],"source":[34,77,100,128],"decomposition":[35],"by":[36,48],"applying":[37],"simulated":[41,66,92,98],"data.":[43],"These":[44,133],"were":[46],"synthesized":[47],"projecting":[49],"6":[50,65],"known":[51],"input":[52],"signals":[53],"from":[54,116],"singleand":[55],"multiple-dipole":[56],"sources":[57,83,86,115,122],"in":[58],"three-shell":[60],"spherical":[61],"model":[62],"head":[63],"scalp":[67],"sensors.":[68],"In":[69],"different":[70],"simulations,":[71],"we":[72],"(1)":[73],"altered":[74],"relative":[76],"strengths,":[78],"(2)":[79],"added":[80],"multiple":[81],"low-level":[82],"(weak":[84],"brain":[85,121],"and":[87,94,102,107,123,130],"sensor":[88,124],"noise)":[89],"EEG,":[93],"(3)":[95],"permuted":[96],"dipole":[99,131],"locations":[101,129],"orientations.":[103,132],"successfully":[106],"reliably":[108],"separated":[109],"activities":[111,118],"relatively":[113],"strong":[114],"weaker":[120],"noise,":[125],"regardless":[126],"results":[134],"suggest":[135],"that":[136],"I...":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}