{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1542370543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470756423.ch32","title":"Are Genes Inventions? An Ethical Analysis of Gene Patents","display_name":"Are Genes Inventions? An Ethical Analysis of Gene Patents","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1542370543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470756423.ch32","mag":"1542370543"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/9780470756423.ch32","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470756423.ch32","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470756423.ch32","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464293","display_name":"Wiley eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"A Companion to Genethics","raw_type":"other"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4238092239","display_name":"A Companion to Genethics"},"type":"other","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063220987","display_name":"Mark Sagoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1606-9796","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1606-9796"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark Sagoff","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063220987"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"420","last_page":"437"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.7407000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.7407000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.2110999971628189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.019899999722838402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-patents","display_name":"gene patents","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-patenting","display_name":"gene patenting","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-policy","display_name":"patent policy","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biotechnology-patents","display_name":"biotechnology patents","score":0.5619999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329777","display_name":"Appeal","level":2,"score":0.8683529496192932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.5201261639595032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984145337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253623","display_name":"Patent law","level":3,"score":0.4951867163181305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3816376328468323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32358503341674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.260506272315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17529186606407166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.14942890405654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.06260642409324646}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/9780470756423.ch32","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470756423.ch32","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470756423.ch32","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464293","display_name":"Wiley eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"A Companion to Genethics","raw_type":"other"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3123842503","https://openalex.org/W2359787751","https://openalex.org/W1608266145","https://openalex.org/W3097900169","https://openalex.org/W1760774403","https://openalex.org/W4391504182","https://openalex.org/W2353879104","https://openalex.org/W2184159329","https://openalex.org/W2280972360","https://openalex.org/W2009009363"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,10,18],"prelims":[1],"comprise:":[2],"Introduction":[3],"Patent":[4],"Policy":[5],"prior":[6],"to":[7],"the":[8],"1980s":[9],"Landmark":[11],"Chakrabarty":[12,17],"Decision":[13],"Public":[14],"Debate":[15],"over":[16],"Joint":[19],"Appeal":[20],"Inventions":[21],"or":[22],"Objects":[23],"of":[24],"Nature?":[25],"Conclusion":[26],"Notes":[27]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
