{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1542050807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.1999.12040542","title":"Efficiency, Environmental Contaminants and Farm Size: Testing for Links Using Stochastic Production Frontiers","display_name":"Efficiency, Environmental Contaminants and Farm Size: Testing for Links Using Stochastic Production Frontiers","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1542050807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.1999.12040542","mag":"1542050807"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15140326.1999.12040542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.1999.12040542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.1999.12040542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40285785","display_name":"Journal of Applied Economics","issn_l":"1514-0326","issn":["1514-0326","1667-6726"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=556274","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047299878","display_name":"Kaddour Hadri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Hadri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Liverpool"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Liverpool","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J. Whittaker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Whittaker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Exeter"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Exeter","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1533},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3593,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87246407,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"337","last_page":"356"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.006500000134110451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12896","display_name":"Sustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farm-size","display_name":"farm size","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-efficiency","display_name":"technical efficiency","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agrochemical-use","display_name":"agrochemical use","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-contaminants","display_name":"environmental pollutants","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-production-frontier","display_name":"stochastic production frontier","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-pollution","display_name":"agricultural pollution","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-agricultural-policy","display_name":"EU agricultural policy","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-productivity","display_name":"agricultural productivity","score":0.5}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6539140343666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6032212376594543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5560676455497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778571376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355821","display_name":"Frontier","level":2,"score":0.536628782749176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617818","display_name":"Stochastic frontier analysis","level":3,"score":0.5052955746650696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207581243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2746959","display_name":"Agrochemical","level":3,"score":0.44214388728141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.435019314289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34778210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376791","display_name":"Production\u2013possibility frontier","level":3,"score":0.4345981478691101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.41163045167922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.32959991693496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1858985424041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.14175528287887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11383214592933655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15140326.1999.12040542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.1999.12040542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.1999.12040542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40285785","display_name":"Journal of Applied Economics","issn_l":"1514-0326","issn":["1514-0326","1667-6726"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cem:jaecon:v:2:y:1999:n:2:p:337-356","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ucema.edu.ar/publicaciones/download/volume2/hadri_whittaker.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ucema.edu.ar/publicaciones/download/volume2/hadri_whittaker.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.560.8371","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.560.8371","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ucema.edu.ar/publicaciones/download/volume2/hadri_whittaker.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3121765079","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=556274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3125315608","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:exe:wpaper:9505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:recsxx:v:2:y:1999:i:2:p:337-356","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/15140326.1999.12040542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/746a9a94-a879-466e-a6b1-6f60b775aaeb","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/746a9a94-a879-466e-a6b1-6f60b775aaeb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hadri, K 1999, 'efficiency, environmental contaminants and farm size: testing for links using stochastic production frontiers', Journal of Applied Economics, vol. II( 2), pp. 337-356.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3121765079","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=556274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6735000014305115,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"score":0.5925999879837036,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498659765","https://openalex.org/W1525585147","https://openalex.org/W1570486509","https://openalex.org/W1577402043","https://openalex.org/W1965688070","https://openalex.org/W1966423005","https://openalex.org/W1967201950","https://openalex.org/W1975977188","https://openalex.org/W1984432643","https://openalex.org/W2036324612","https://openalex.org/W2039724995","https://openalex.org/W2047969390","https://openalex.org/W2053565500","https://openalex.org/W2055084783","https://openalex.org/W2091927610","https://openalex.org/W2101570258","https://openalex.org/W2111014981","https://openalex.org/W2135942440","https://openalex.org/W2162180338","https://openalex.org/W4297974475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7171786545","https://openalex.org/W1517830913","https://openalex.org/W2089522527","https://openalex.org/W7097035415","https://openalex.org/W1541185685","https://openalex.org/W2972012033","https://openalex.org/W6888846789","https://openalex.org/W7096407454","https://openalex.org/W2072975161","https://openalex.org/W7097614472"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"whether":[3],"there":[4,66,86],"is":[5,67,87],"any":[6],"relationship":[7,70,91],"between":[8,71,79,92],"farm":[9,83,93],"size,":[10],"technical":[11,72,80],"efficiency":[12,73,81],"and":[13,42,74,78,82,95],"the":[14,28,52,58],"use":[15,75,96],"of":[16,30,38,45,55,76,97],"agrochemicals":[17],"which":[18],"are":[19,25],"potentially":[20],"environmentally":[21],"contaminating.":[22],"These":[23],"questions":[24],"pertinent":[26],"in":[27],"context":[29],"current":[31],"EU":[32],"policy":[33],"decisions.":[34],"Using":[35],"two":[36],"models":[37],"stochastic":[39],"frontier":[40],"production":[41],"a":[43,68,88],"set":[44],"panel":[46],"data":[47],"on":[48],"35":[49],"farms":[50],"from":[51],"South":[53],"West":[54],"England":[56],"for":[57],"years":[59],"1987\u20131991,":[60],"we":[61],"obtain":[62],"an":[63],"indication,":[64],"that":[65],"positive":[69],"contaminants,":[77],"size.":[84],"However,":[85],"weak":[89],"negative":[90],"size":[94],"contaminants.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}