{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1541805310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/112600.112613","title":"The benefits of relaxing punctuality","display_name":"The benefits of relaxing punctuality","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1541805310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/112600.112613","mag":"1541805310"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/112600.112613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/112600.112613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/112600.112613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086807","display_name":"ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the tenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing - PODC '91","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/227595.227602","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065059795","display_name":"Rajeev Alur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-7083","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-7083"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajeev Alur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109192583","display_name":"Tom\u00e1s Feder","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107053","display_name":"Core Competence","ror":"https://ror.org/012cc0c94","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107053"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom\u00e1s Feder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell communications Research, Morristown, NJ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell communications Research, Morristown, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107053"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080555605","display_name":"Thomas A. Henzinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2985-7724","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2985-7724"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas A. Henzinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.18,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":716,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97858672,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"1","first_page":"116","last_page":"146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.008500000461935997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-systems","display_name":"real-time systems","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punctuality","display_name":"punctuality","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timing-constraints","display_name":"timing constraints","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satisfiability","display_name":"satisfiability","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expspace-completeness","display_name":"EXPSPACE-completeness","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-logic","display_name":"temporal logic","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decidability","display_name":"decidability","score":0.7599999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779548549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153487","display_name":"Punctuality","level":2,"score":0.8612034916877747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192034797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3502995","display_name":"Undecidable problem","level":3,"score":0.8209848403930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6591497659683228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5842901468276978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5415717363357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25016198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781833","display_name":"Temporal logic","level":2,"score":0.4736382067203522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168773769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1350299","display_name":"Satisfiability","level":2,"score":0.4707636833190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.46966516971588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153269930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430001","display_name":"Decidability","level":2,"score":0.4443594515323639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.44285908341407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.43858465552330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3989103436470032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2621729373931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.19757461547851562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/112600.112613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/112600.112613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/112600.112613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086807","display_name":"ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the tenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing - PODC '91","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1145/227595.227602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/227595.227602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/227595.227602","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/227595.227602","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118992489","display_name":"Journal of the ACM","issn_l":"0004-5411","issn":["0004-5411","1557-735X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.134.6332","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.134.6332","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www-cad.eecs.berkeley.edu/~tah/Publications/the_benefits_of_relaxing_punctuality.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.53.7380","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.53.7380","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~alur/Podc91.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ecommons.cornell.edu:1813/6236","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1813/6236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400757","display_name":"eCommons (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"technical report"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/227595.227602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/227595.227602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/227595.227602","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/227595.227602","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118992489","display_name":"Journal of the ACM","issn_l":"0004-5411","issn":["0004-5411","1557-735X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4016963980","display_name":"Algorithms and Tools for the Automatic Analysis of          Embedded Systems","funder_award_id":"9504469","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5348196369","display_name":"CAREER:  Computer - Aided Verification","funder_award_id":"9501708","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6671297155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CAREER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1541805310.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1541805310.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59365162","https://openalex.org/W1500110201","https://openalex.org/W1506588809","https://openalex.org/W1560050980","https://openalex.org/W1885037678","https://openalex.org/W1981808971","https://openalex.org/W2003227046","https://openalex.org/W2026629052","https://openalex.org/W2030263557","https://openalex.org/W2056359803","https://openalex.org/W2061438988","https://openalex.org/W2062879749","https://openalex.org/W2069709605","https://openalex.org/W2090398333","https://openalex.org/W2093916942","https://openalex.org/W2101508170","https://openalex.org/W2107168574","https://openalex.org/W2117189826","https://openalex.org/W2117832390","https://openalex.org/W2130773092","https://openalex.org/W2139473437","https://openalex.org/W2139891885","https://openalex.org/W2140028191","https://openalex.org/W2153439859","https://openalex.org/W2159220314","https://openalex.org/W2395891450"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096829310","https://openalex.org/W2160031970","https://openalex.org/W1981808971","https://openalex.org/W1600541802","https://openalex.org/W2129883432","https://openalex.org/W2620788970","https://openalex.org/W7095220675","https://openalex.org/W7097823223","https://openalex.org/W2153439859","https://openalex.org/W2156795913"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"most":[1],"natural,":[2],"compositional,":[3],"way":[4],"of":[5,16,22,70,73],"modeling":[6],"real-time":[7,74],"systems":[8,75],"uses":[9],"a":[10,35,77],"dense":[11,78],"domain":[12],"for":[13,67],"time.The":[14],"satistiability":[15],"timing":[17,71],"constraints":[18],"that":[19,38],"are":[20],"capable":[21],"expressing":[23],"punctuality":[24],"in":[25],"this":[26],"model,":[27],"however,":[28],"is":[29],"known":[30],"to":[31,57,63],"be":[32,58],"undecidable.We":[33],"introduce":[34],"temporal":[36],"language":[37],"can":[39],"constrain":[40],"the":[41,54,68],"time":[42],"difference":[43],"between":[44],"events":[45],"only":[46],"with":[47,76],"finite,":[48],"yet":[49],"arbitrary,":[50],"precision":[51],"and":[52],"show":[53],"resulting":[55],"logic":[56],"EXPSPACE-complete.This":[59],"result":[60],"allows":[61],"us":[62],"develop":[64],"an":[65],"algorithm":[66],"verification":[69],"properties":[72],"semantics.":[79]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":27}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}