{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1541420709","doi":null,"title":"CARBON NANOTUBE AUGMENTATION OF A BONE CEMENT POLYMER","display_name":"CARBON NANOTUBE AUGMENTATION OF A BONE CEMENT POLYMER","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1541420709","mag":"1541420709"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uknowledge.uky.edu:gradschool_diss-1517","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/514","pdf_url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/514","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402623","display_name":"UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","host_organization_name":"University of Kentucky","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/514","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029057510","display_name":"Brock Marrs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brock Marrs","raw_affiliation_strings":["#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# Univ. of Kentucky#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# Univ. of Kentucky#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029057510"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6222,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67746987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10059","display_name":"Bone Tissue Engineering Materials","score":0.5615000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10059","display_name":"Bone Tissue Engineering Materials","score":0.5615000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10074","display_name":"Carbon Nanotubes in Composites","score":0.13940000534057617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10512","display_name":"Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty","score":0.05950000137090683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acrylic-bone-cement","display_name":"acrylic bone cement","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-walled-carbon-nanotubes","display_name":"multi-walled carbon nanotubes","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fatigue-fracture","display_name":"fatigue fracture","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fatigue-crack-growth","display_name":"fatigue crack growth","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-strength","display_name":"flexural strength","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress-intensity-factor","display_name":"stress intensity factor","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanocomposites","display_name":"nanocomposites","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implant-loosening","display_name":"implant loosening","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fatigue-crack-initiation","display_name":"fatigue crack initiation","score":0.6520000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513720949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778729","display_name":"Carbon nanotube","level":2,"score":0.680716335773468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.5546834468841553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5021147727966309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777619693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q539430","display_name":"Nanotube","level":3,"score":0.48689189553260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.4749439060688019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.45621457695961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.35052841901779175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:uknowledge.uky.edu:gradschool_diss-1517","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/514","pdf_url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/514","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402623","display_name":"UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","host_organization_name":"University of Kentucky","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.427.7094","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.427.7094","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukybien2007d00585/Marrs_Dissertation_2007.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1541420709","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1517&context=gradschool_diss","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uknowledge.uky.edu:gradschool_diss-1517","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/514","pdf_url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/514","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402623","display_name":"UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","host_organization_name":"University of Kentucky","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.428600013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1541420709.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1541420709.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":150,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11476871","https://openalex.org/W34809654","https://openalex.org/W103463685","https://openalex.org/W122563167","https://openalex.org/W193472111","https://openalex.org/W283811181","https://openalex.org/W570795997","https://openalex.org/W588122149","https://openalex.org/W1012789800","https://openalex.org/W1434540146","https://openalex.org/W1560640234","https://openalex.org/W1595774000","https://openalex.org/W1673405048","https://openalex.org/W1963867531","https://openalex.org/W1965529902","https://openalex.org/W1966399225","https://openalex.org/W1966399943","https://openalex.org/W1969818691","https://openalex.org/W1971492372","https://openalex.org/W1971599184","https://openalex.org/W1972226218","https://openalex.org/W1974219116","https://openalex.org/W1975351586","https://openalex.org/W1977320787","https://openalex.org/W1978606694","https://openalex.org/W1979898604","https://openalex.org/W1980444773","https://openalex.org/W1982176563","https://openalex.org/W1982519899","https://openalex.org/W1982728423","https://openalex.org/W1983405414","https://openalex.org/W1986500139","https://openalex.org/W1987977810","https://openalex.org/W1988578175","https://openalex.org/W1988589174","https://openalex.org/W1989141543","https://openalex.org/W1989542596","https://openalex.org/W1992466664","https://openalex.org/W1995757157","https://openalex.org/W1996610749","https://openalex.org/W1997084518","https://openalex.org/W2003617950","https://openalex.org/W2005403464","https://openalex.org/W2006233143","https://openalex.org/W2006736138","https://openalex.org/W2006941567","https://openalex.org/W2007199461","https://openalex.org/W2008055897","https://openalex.org/W2008302913","https://openalex.org/W2009832858","https://openalex.org/W2010590996","https://openalex.org/W2011091784","https://openalex.org/W2013092170","https://openalex.org/W2013560673","https://openalex.org/W2015779418","https://openalex.org/W2017285063","https://openalex.org/W2022010152","https://openalex.org/W2022131476","https://openalex.org/W2022443416","https://openalex.org/W2023251879","https://openalex.org/W2024584259","https://openalex.org/W2025552059","https://openalex.org/W2026000204","https://openalex.org/W2027601744","https://openalex.org/W2027668895","https://openalex.org/W2027694110","https://openalex.org/W2031651370","https://openalex.org/W2036709974","https://openalex.org/W2036815671","https://openalex.org/W2041832280","https://openalex.org/W2044444297","https://openalex.org/W2044686379","https://openalex.org/W2047045178","https://openalex.org/W2048659807","https://openalex.org/W2049304198","https://openalex.org/W2051737470","https://openalex.org/W2055823675","https://openalex.org/W2056564990","https://openalex.org/W2062613656","https://openalex.org/W2063313054","https://openalex.org/W2064248772","https://openalex.org/W2065343446","https://openalex.org/W2066107223","https://openalex.org/W2069263728","https://openalex.org/W2072755405","https://openalex.org/W2073017510","https://openalex.org/W2074547340","https://openalex.org/W2075649872","https://openalex.org/W2075690571","https://openalex.org/W2078334188","https://openalex.org/W2078345755","https://openalex.org/W2079081891","https://openalex.org/W2081427256","https://openalex.org/W2082164627","https://openalex.org/W2083139690","https://openalex.org/W2083290303","https://openalex.org/W2085344649","https://openalex.org/W2085407961","https://openalex.org/W2085782463","https://openalex.org/W2086489401","https://openalex.org/W2088332209","https://openalex.org/W2089516266","https://openalex.org/W2090188179","https://openalex.org/W2091296836","https://openalex.org/W2091543764","https://openalex.org/W2092142639","https://openalex.org/W2094963548","https://openalex.org/W2096188874","https://openalex.org/W2096660766","https://openalex.org/W2097168689","https://openalex.org/W2103584087","https://openalex.org/W2104576854","https://openalex.org/W2105545269","https://openalex.org/W2109709819","https://openalex.org/W2111061697","https://openalex.org/W2111924465","https://openalex.org/W2113215684","https://openalex.org/W2116263512","https://openalex.org/W2117070417","https://openalex.org/W2121346966","https://openalex.org/W2123670965","https://openalex.org/W2126587420","https://openalex.org/W2126963191","https://openalex.org/W2128559549","https://openalex.org/W2129395423","https://openalex.org/W2135166552","https://openalex.org/W2135947116","https://openalex.org/W2139088728","https://openalex.org/W2140214758","https://openalex.org/W2144184565","https://openalex.org/W2147566419","https://openalex.org/W2150268636","https://openalex.org/W2150271451","https://openalex.org/W2151632428","https://openalex.org/W2162323705","https://openalex.org/W2163511906","https://openalex.org/W2164698721","https://openalex.org/W2170116274","https://openalex.org/W2171614186","https://openalex.org/W2212072061","https://openalex.org/W2220702108","https://openalex.org/W2227449464","https://openalex.org/W2253603521","https://openalex.org/W2257521403","https://openalex.org/W2288312232","https://openalex.org/W2401873497","https://openalex.org/W2413563311","https://openalex.org/W3093879448","https://openalex.org/W3100197633","https://openalex.org/W3170751086"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2085782463","https://openalex.org/W2554053485","https://openalex.org/W2021620683","https://openalex.org/W9364796","https://openalex.org/W2049120598","https://openalex.org/W2036715398","https://openalex.org/W1891280487","https://openalex.org/W2033496207","https://openalex.org/W1969282618","https://openalex.org/W2018953849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Acrylic":[0],"bone":[1,17,75,91,141,168,197,235,305,332],"cement":[2,18,76,169,198,306],"is":[3,51,77,93,292,301],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,78,155,200,252],"structural":[8],"material":[9],"in":[10,216],"orthopaedics,":[11],"dentistry,":[12],"and":[13,42,64,72,102,107,135,214,218,231,265,281,312,338,342],"orofacial":[14],"surgery.":[15],"Although":[16],"celebrates":[19],"four":[20],"decades":[21],"of":[22,32,48,88,104,109,127,138,145,150,180,194,206,229,242,261,298,317,331],"success,":[23],"it":[24,291],"remains":[25],"susceptible":[26],"to":[27,37,74,163,302,309],"fatigue":[28,49,57,61,83,110,136,184,210,225],"fracture.":[29,68],"This":[30],"type":[31],"failure":[33,50],"can":[34],"directly":[35,181],"lead":[36],"implant":[38,336],"loosening,":[39],"revision":[40],"surgery,":[41],"increased":[43,190],"healthcare":[44,343],"expenditures.":[45],"The":[46,85],"mechanism":[47],"divided":[52],"into":[53],"three":[54],"stages:":[55],"1)":[56],"crack":[58,62,226,267,271,278,310,318],"initiation,":[59],"2)":[60],"propagation,":[63],"3)":[65],"fast,":[66],"brittle":[67],"Adding":[69],"reinforcing":[70,240,286],"fibers":[71],"particles":[73],"proposed":[79],"solution":[80],"for":[81,174,257,326],"improving":[82,327,335],"performance.":[84],"mechanical":[86],"performance":[87,137,211,330],"these":[89],"reinforced":[90,230],"cements":[92,236],"limited":[94],"by":[95,125,199,212],"fiber":[96,105],"ductility,":[97],"fibermatrix":[98],"de-bonding,":[99],"elevated":[100],"viscosity,":[101],"mismatch":[103],"size":[106],"scale":[108],"induced":[111,185],"damage.":[112,186],"In":[113],"this":[114],"dissertation,":[115],"I":[116],"report":[117],"that":[118,177,238,255,289,294],"adding":[119],"small":[120],"amounts":[121],"(0%":[122],"-":[123],"10%":[124],"weight)":[126],"multiwall":[128],"carbon":[129],"nanotubes":[130],"(MWNTs)":[131],"enhances":[132],"the":[133,191,224,239,258,262,266,270,273,277,282,295,299,304,314,328],"strength":[134,193],"single":[139,195,233],"phase":[140,196,234],"cement.":[142],"MWNTs":[143,187,207,243,283,300,321],"(diameters":[144],"10-9":[146],"10-8":[147],"m;":[148],"lengths":[149],"10-6":[151],"10-3":[152],"m)":[153],"are":[154,178,244,322],"recently":[156],"discovered":[157],"nanomaterial":[158],"with":[159,171],"high":[160],"surface":[161],"area":[162],"volume":[164],"ratios":[165],"(conferring":[166],"MWNT":[167],"composites":[170],"large":[172],"interfaces":[173],"stress":[175,248,275],"transfer)":[176],"capable":[179],"addressing":[182],"sub-microscale,":[183],"(2wt%)":[188],"significantly":[189],"flexural":[192],"modest":[201],"12%;":[202],"whereas,":[203],"similar":[204],"additions":[205],"dramatically":[208],"enhanced":[209],"340%":[213],"592%":[215],"ambient":[217],"physiologically":[219],"relevant":[220],"conditions,":[221],"respectively.":[222],"Comparing":[223],"propagation":[227],"behaviors":[228],"unreinforced":[232],"revealed":[237],"mechanisms":[241],"strongly":[245],"dependent":[246],"on":[247],"intensity":[249],"factor,":[250],"K,":[251],"numerical":[253],"parameter":[254],"accounts":[256],"combinatorial":[259],"effect":[260],"applied":[263],"load":[264],"size.":[268],"As":[269],"grows":[272],"apparent":[274],"at":[276],"tip":[279],"intensified":[280],"lost":[284],"their":[285],"capabilities.":[287],"For":[288],"reason,":[290],"likely":[293],"predominant":[296],"role":[297],"reinforce":[303],"matrix":[307],"prior":[308],"initiation":[311],"during":[313],"early":[315],"stages":[316],"propagation.":[319],"Therefore,":[320],"an":[323],"excellent":[324],"candidate":[325],"clinical":[329],"cement,":[333],"thereby":[334],"longevity":[337],"reducing":[339],"patient":[340],"risk":[341],"costs.":[344]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-07T09:17:50.787605","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
