{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1540795703","doi":null,"title":"Effects of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution on respiratory and cardiovascular mortality in the Netherlands: the NLCS-AIR study.","display_name":"Effects of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution on respiratory and cardiovascular mortality in the Netherlands: the NLCS-AIR study.","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1540795703","mag":"1540795703","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19554969"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:19554969","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19554969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research report (Health Effects Institute)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/39242","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025017022","display_name":"Bert Brunekreef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9908-0060","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9908-0060"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bert Brunekreef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075242271","display_name":"Rob M. J. Beelen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rob Beelen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111542270","display_name":"Gerard Hoek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3687-217X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3687-217X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerard Hoek","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090597582","display_name":"Leo J. Schouten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3361-7560","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3361-7560","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1952-7139"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leo Schouten","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043852028","display_name":"Sandra Bausch-Goldbohm","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandra Bausch-Goldbohm","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101625386","display_name":"Paul H. Fischer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6970-3041","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6970-3041","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1327-0627","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9657-7091"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090887534","display_name":"Ben Armstrong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4407-0409","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4407-0409","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0937-5036"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Armstrong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Edward Hughes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043699175","display_name":"Michael Jerrett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4121-0587","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4121-0587"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Jerrett","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001404405","display_name":"Piet A. van den Brandt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8781-8099","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8781-8099"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piet van den Brandt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.6852,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":361,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99699769,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"139","first_page":"5","last_page":"71; discussion 73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11002","display_name":"Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12259","display_name":"Environmental Justice and Health Disparities","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-related-air-pollution","display_name":"traffic-related air pollution","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-exposure","display_name":"long-term exposure","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-mortality","display_name":"respiratory mortality","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-mortality","display_name":"cardiovascular mortality","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiorespiratory-mortality","display_name":"cardiopulmonary mortality","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-cancer-incidence","display_name":"lung cancer incidence","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-smoke","display_name":"black smoke","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-dioxide","display_name":"nitrogen dioxide","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particulate-matter","display_name":"particulate matter","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfur-dioxide","display_name":"sulfur dioxide","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitric-oxide","display_name":"nitric oxide","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confounding","display_name":"confounding","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effect-modification","display_name":"effect modification","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution-exposure-assessment","display_name":"air pollution exposure assessment","score":0.45100000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7635751962661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.7127034068107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.6914397478103638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.6016280651092529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5794020295143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5571860671043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776256026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47912","display_name":"Lung cancer","level":2,"score":0.5568968653678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.49186086654663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3376310467720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.08154308795928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000393","descriptor_name":"Air Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004781","descriptor_name":"Environmental Exposure","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009426","descriptor_name":"Netherlands","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012140","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Tract Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012140","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Tract Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012140","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Tract Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013223","descriptor_name":"Statistics as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018986","descriptor_name":"Motor Vehicles","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D052638","descriptor_name":"Particulate Matter","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:19554969","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19554969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research report (Health Effects Institute)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:uu:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/39242","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/39242","pdf_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/39242","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research report (Health Effects Institute), Mar(139), 5. Health Effects Institute","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:openaire_cris_publications/b7d90853-607c-4329-98f9-007ad75f4e5e","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/b7d90853-607c-4329-98f9-007ad75f4e5e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Brunekreef , B , Beelen , R , Hoek , G , Schouten , L , Bausch-Goldbohm , S , Fischer , P , Armstrong , B , Hughes , E , Jerrett , M &amp; van den Brandt , P 2009 , ' Effects of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution on respiratory and cardiovascular mortality in the Netherlands : the NLCS-AIR study ' , Research report (Health Effects Institute) , no. 139 , pp. 5-71; discussion 73-89 .","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/39242","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/39242","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"mag:1540795703","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19554969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:uu:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/39242","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/39242","pdf_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/39242","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research report (Health Effects Institute), Mar(139), 5. Health Effects Institute","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1540795703.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1540795703.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46158762","https://openalex.org/W1503102097","https://openalex.org/W1913623456","https://openalex.org/W1966534156","https://openalex.org/W1976755741","https://openalex.org/W1977681196","https://openalex.org/W1983571717","https://openalex.org/W1995243424","https://openalex.org/W1999405101","https://openalex.org/W2002685456","https://openalex.org/W2006505913","https://openalex.org/W2007873570","https://openalex.org/W2009106398","https://openalex.org/W2011250352","https://openalex.org/W2020149868","https://openalex.org/W2033323313","https://openalex.org/W2034439827","https://openalex.org/W2038511719","https://openalex.org/W2044586543","https://openalex.org/W2052143240","https://openalex.org/W2052874746","https://openalex.org/W2053139123","https://openalex.org/W2053255375","https://openalex.org/W2057978329","https://openalex.org/W2060462691","https://openalex.org/W2064129615","https://openalex.org/W2064885123","https://openalex.org/W2065947772","https://openalex.org/W2066924533","https://openalex.org/W2070827855","https://openalex.org/W2072531852","https://openalex.org/W2075835921","https://openalex.org/W2076166095","https://openalex.org/W2077392231","https://openalex.org/W2082067580","https://openalex.org/W2085318824","https://openalex.org/W2087586939","https://openalex.org/W2087737072","https://openalex.org/W2089980198","https://openalex.org/W2090636204","https://openalex.org/W2096658258","https://openalex.org/W2096673955","https://openalex.org/W2097072974","https://openalex.org/W2098189516","https://openalex.org/W2100192440","https://openalex.org/W2100327407","https://openalex.org/W2102042448","https://openalex.org/W2102803034","https://openalex.org/W2103206342","https://openalex.org/W2107328434","https://openalex.org/W2117457502","https://openalex.org/W2118365591","https://openalex.org/W2119812316","https://openalex.org/W2121940153","https://openalex.org/W2126007894","https://openalex.org/W2126843224","https://openalex.org/W2129100479","https://openalex.org/W2129447215","https://openalex.org/W2138338695","https://openalex.org/W2146137933","https://openalex.org/W2146785268","https://openalex.org/W2147411744","https://openalex.org/W2147846348","https://openalex.org/W2157261816","https://openalex.org/W2158524245","https://openalex.org/W2158822760","https://openalex.org/W2161044029","https://openalex.org/W2162681601","https://openalex.org/W2166604768","https://openalex.org/W2169105271","https://openalex.org/W2318698569","https://openalex.org/W2327514691","https://openalex.org/W2335637623","https://openalex.org/W2530665675","https://openalex.org/W3173040586"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2436931331","https://openalex.org/W2147846348","https://openalex.org/W1532538262","https://openalex.org/W2048693751","https://openalex.org/W7095862423","https://openalex.org/W2064129615","https://openalex.org/W2584983874","https://openalex.org/W7095528341","https://openalex.org/W2016379846","https://openalex.org/W2033618142"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evidence":[0],"is":[1,10],"increasing":[2],"that":[3,26,152,442,911,947,1068,1214],"long-term":[4,352,1398],"exposure":[5,244,353,395,423,428,441,466,494,531,552,1064,1121,1259,1325,1418],"to":[6,37,66,72,108,196,239,245,279,357,389,419,436,449,457,695,798,907,1016,1103,1122,1167,1187,1224,1258,1260,1362,1374,1382,1409,1435],"ambient":[7],"air":[8,28,82,246,280,312,362,859,1273,1321,1445],"pollution":[9,83,247,281,363,860,1274,1322,1446],"associated":[11,562,813,895,1317,1344,1442],"with":[12,87,326,342,506,517,563,679,789,814,883,896,923,939,1137,1181,1189,1221,1230,1237,1280,1293,1318,1345,1419,1443],"deaths":[13,1458],"from":[14,119,128,149,158,337,374,405,462,471,533,915,951,976,986,1384],"cardiopulmonary":[15,38,827,1076,1342],"diseases.":[16],"In":[17,61,539,844,1055,1310],"a":[18,41,174,257,359,513,566,622,730,774,784,832,982,1098,1302,1348],"2002":[19],"pilot":[20,476,498,842,1337,1379],"study,":[21,64,477,1313,1397],"we":[22,234,479,853,948,1066,1253],"reported":[23,650,1334],"clear":[24],"indications":[25],"traffic-related":[27,81,311],"pollution,":[29,313],"especially":[30,1025],"at":[31,113,155,289,365,378,396],"the":[32,51,62,78,97,150,182,185,191,201,210,213,218,228,236,241,264,285,382,391,397,409,421,426,475,482,485,489,493,497,502,507,518,529,540,545,570,574,628,638,642,645,687,690,700,708,727,733,778,799,807,817,838,841,845,874,884,900,908,916,920,924,930,952,961,964,977,987,997,1003,1017,1022,1027,1035,1040,1048,1051,1063,1069,1093,1110,1116,1128,1155,1158,1161,1171,1182,1190,1194,1311,1314,1331,1336,1363,1366,1370,1378,1385,1395,1430,1455,1463],"local":[33,369,427,530],"scale,":[34],"was":[35,71,118,147,171,207,274,282,455,582,633,735,912,1043,1078,1097,1141,1432,1459],"related":[36,906,1381,1408,1434],"mortality":[39,124,222,250,632,680,703,818,828,869,894,1077,1152,1222,1315,1343,1423,1465],"in":[40,50,96,115,184,200,212,232,291,474,488,504,569,625,641,655,707,714,721,773,796,873,899,956,996,1002,1021,1045,1050,1092,1109,1115,1160,1170,1227,1287,1305,1335,1369,1377,1394],"randomly":[42,913,949],"selected":[43,914,950],"subcohort":[44,193,215,910,926],"of":[45,77,80,100,111,180,221,310,339,361,381,394,439,496,523,548,554,644,675,686,717,816,840,887,893,943,991,1047,1130,1144,1157,1174,1193,1198,1233,1271,1296,1341,1365,1401,1413,1457],"5000":[46,944],"older":[47],"adults":[48],"participating":[49],"ongoing":[52],"Netherlands":[53],"Cohort":[54,104],"Study":[55,649],"(NLCS)":[56],"on":[57,205,270,446,726,806],"diet":[58],"and":[59,127,144,157,216,223,231,248,251,304,323,368,447,516,525,528,559,605,619,653,702,759,781,803,829,861,868,877,963,980,1075,1091,1134,1150,1204,1206,1235,1276,1323,1373,1405,1411,1416,1421,1447],"cancer.":[60,253],"current":[63,490,1312,1371,1396],"referred":[65],"as":[67,90,92,166,308,314,316,335,512,536,640,835,919,1030,1062,1209],"NLCS-AIR,":[68],"our":[69],"objective":[70],"obtain":[73],"more":[74,276,790],"precise":[75],"estimates":[76,932],"effects":[79],"by":[84,651,970,974,981],"analyzing":[85],"associations":[86,678,688,856,864,1129,1220,1412],"cause-specific":[88,249],"mortality,":[89,588,593,598,604,665,742,747,752,758,1410,1453],"well":[91,315,928],"lung":[93,134,224,252,602,756,1250,1281],"cancer":[94,135,225,603,611,757,765,1251,1282],"incidence,":[95,1252],"full":[98,186,265,486,709,875,917,953,978,1041,1094,1162,1386],"cohort":[99,487,979,1042,1163],"approximately":[101],"120,000":[102],"subjects.":[103,888],"members":[105],"were":[106,294,355,403,417,434,468,561,614,661,669,681,768,811,870,880,927,1032,1165,1245,1327,1391,1407,1424,1450],"55":[107],"69":[109],"years":[110],"age":[112],"enrollment":[114,156],"1986.":[116,292],"Follow-up":[117],"1987":[120],"through":[121,131,412],"1996":[122],"for":[123,133,173,190,209,217,267,284,296,302,408,484,544,585,591,596,601,608,616,630,663,671,683,740,745,750,755,762,770,849,934,994,1009,1026,1039,1081,1100,1106,1119,1154,1215,1301,1339,1451,1462],"(17,674":[125],"deaths)":[126],"late":[129],"1986":[130],"1997":[132],"incidence":[136,226,1283],"(2234":[137],"cases).":[138],"Information":[139],"about":[140],"potential":[141,271,851],"confounding":[142,272,1010],"variables":[143,273,467,693,898,995,1279,1326,1449],"effect":[145,984,1211],"modifiers":[146,1212],"available":[148,160,208],"questionnaire":[151],"subjects":[153,211,945,1049,1083,1107,1159,1229,1288],"completed":[154],"publicly":[159],"data":[161,189,375,461,483,503,993],"(including":[162],"neighborhood-scale":[163],"information":[164,204,269,431],"such":[165],"income":[167],"distributions).":[168],"The":[169,465,657,863,889,1356,1438],"NLCS":[170],"designed":[172],"case-cohort":[175,237,846,901,937,965,1004,1023,1052,1082,1228],"approach,":[176],"which":[177,268],"makes":[178],"use":[179],"all":[181,850],"cases":[183,220],"cohort,":[187,266,876,918,1095],"while":[188],"random":[192,214,971,1375],"are":[194,1358],"used":[195,235,372,418,435,473,694,1001,1044],"estimate":[197,390,420,532,1332],"person-time":[198],"experience":[199],"study.":[202,499,843,1117],"Full":[203],"confounders":[206],"emerging":[219],"during":[227,1089],"follow-up":[229,1367],"period,":[230],"NLCS-AIR":[233],"approach":[238],"examine":[240],"relation":[242,1257],"between":[243,689,826,857,865,960,1071,1147,1243],"We":[254,371,500,820],"also":[255,480,1433],"specified":[256],"standard":[258],"Cox":[259],"proportional":[260],"hazards":[261],"model":[262,1000,1038],"within":[263],"much":[275,1015,1328],"limited.":[277],"Exposure":[278],"estimated":[283,295,336,404,508,550,922,1120],"subjects'":[286],"home":[287,398,701,1431],"addresses":[288],"baseline":[290],"Concentrations":[293],"black":[297,555,571,1059,1073,1132,1217,1262,1307,1402,1414],"smoke":[298,572,1060,1074,1133,1218,1308,1415],"(a":[299,787],"simple":[300],"marker":[301],"soot)":[303],"nitrogen":[305],"dioxide":[306,321],"(NO2)":[307],"indicators":[309,438,495,535],"nitric":[317],"oxide":[318],"(NO),":[319],"sulfur":[320],"(SO2),":[322],"particulate":[324,340],"matter":[325,341],"aerodynamic":[327,343],"diameter":[328,344],"<":[329,345],"or":[330,346,1266],"=":[331,347],"2.5":[332],"microm":[333,349],"(PM2.5),":[334],"measurements":[338,407],"10":[348],"(PM10).":[350],"Overall":[351],"concentrations":[354,402,553,1061,1275,1400],"considered":[356],"be":[358,905,968,1104,1225],"function":[360],"contributions":[364],"regional,":[366],"urban,":[367],"scales.":[370],"interpolation":[373],"obtained":[376,933],"routinely":[377],"regional":[379,392,524],"stations":[380],"National":[383],"Air":[384],"Quality":[385],"Monitoring":[386],"Network":[387],"(NAQMN)":[388],"component":[393],"address.":[399],"Average":[400],"pollutant":[401,510],"NAQMN":[406],"period":[410,1368],"1976":[411],"1996.":[413],"Land-use":[414],"regression":[415],"methods":[416,839],"urban":[422,526],"component.":[424],"For":[425,565,621,711,1249],"component,":[429],"geographic":[430],"systems":[432],"(GISs)":[433],"generate":[437],"traffic":[440,444,459,534,691,697,715,771,804,866,897,1028,1123,1135,1148,1168,1268,1277,1324,1448],"included":[443,1114],"intensity":[445,460,698,716,772,805,867,1136,1428],"distance":[448],"nearby":[450],"roads.":[451],"A":[452],"major":[453,785,801,809,833,1112,1349],"effort":[454],"made":[456],"collect":[458],"individual":[463],"municipalities.":[464],"refined":[469],"considerably":[470],"those":[472,1236],"but":[478,1241],"analyzed":[481,501],"study":[491,902,1053,1338,1372,1380],"using":[492,837,1058],"models":[505],"overall":[509,551,1072,1216,1272,1306],"concentration":[511,520],"single":[514],"variable":[515],"background":[519,858,1131,1320,1444],"(the":[521],"sum":[522],"components)":[527],"separate":[537],"variables.":[538],"full-cohort":[541,962],"analyses":[542,847,938,966,1046,1057],"adjusted":[543,848,957,1186],"limited":[546,1036],"set":[547],"confounders,":[549,852],"smoke,":[556,1263,1403],"NO2,":[557,617,1261,1404],"NO,":[558,618],"PM2.5":[560,626,1406],"mortality.":[564,612,766,862,1139,1437],"10-microg/m3":[567,623,1303],"increase":[568,624,713,1304],"concentration,":[573,627],"relative":[575,659,891,958,1019,1101,1389,1440],"risk":[576,1340],"(RR)":[577],"(95%":[578,635,737,1298],"confidence":[579,667,878],"interval":[580],"[CI])":[581],"1.05":[583,743],"(1.00-1.11)":[584],"natural-cause":[586,631,741,1420,1436],"(nonaccidental)":[587],"1.04":[589,606],"(0.95-1.13)":[590],"cardiovascular":[592,746,1138,1151],"1.22":[594],"(0.99-1.50)":[595],"respiratory":[597,664,751,1422,1452],"1.03":[599,736],"(0.88-1.20)":[600],"(0.97-1.12)":[607],"noncardiopulmonary,":[609,763],"non-lung":[610,764],"Results":[613,767],"similar":[615,769,1033],"PM2.5.":[620],"RR":[629,734,1295],"1.06":[634],"CI,":[636,738,1299,1354],"0.97-1.16),":[637],"same":[639],"results":[643,1031],"American":[646],"Cancer":[647],"Society":[648],"Pope":[652],"colleagues":[654],"2002.":[656],"highest":[658,1172,1439],"risks":[660,892,921,959,1020,1102,1316,1390,1441],"found":[662,682,854,1067,1254,1286],"though":[666,1454],"intervals":[668,879],"wider":[670],"this":[672],"less-frequent":[673],"cause":[674],"death.":[676],"No":[677],"SO2.":[684],"Some":[685],"indicator":[692,1278],"assess":[696],"near":[699,783,831,1347,1429],"reached":[704],"statistical":[705],"significance":[706],"cohort.":[710,954,1387],"an":[712,824,1145,1294],"10,000":[718,792],"motor":[719,793],"vehicles":[720],"24":[722],"hours":[723],"(motor":[724],"vehicles/day)":[725],"road":[728,786,788,802,810,834,1350],"nearest":[729,800,808],"subject's":[731,779],"residence,":[732],"1.00-1.08)":[739],"(0.99-1.12)":[744],"1.10":[748],"(0.95-1.26)":[749],"1.07":[753],"(0.96-1.19)":[754],"1.00":[760],"(0.94-1.06)":[761],"100-m":[775],"buffer":[776],"around":[777],"residence":[780,1088],"living":[782,830,1108,1346],"than":[791,872,1330,1461],"vehicles/day).":[794],"Distance":[795],"meters":[797],"not":[812,822,1013,1086,1126,1246],"any":[815],"outcomes.":[819],"did":[821,1012,1085,1125],"find":[823],"association":[825,1070,1146],"defined":[836],"no":[855,1256],"weaker":[871],"wider,":[881],"consistent":[882],"smaller":[885,1329,1460],"number":[886,990,1456],"lower":[890,1018,1231],"population":[903],"could":[904,967],"particular":[909],"actual":[925],"below":[929],"average":[931,1399],"100":[935,940],"new":[936],"alternative":[941],"subcohorts":[942],"each":[946],"Differences":[955],"explained":[969],"error":[972,1376],"introduced":[973],"sampling":[975,1383],"selection":[983],"resulting":[985],"relatively":[988],"large":[989],"missing":[992],"extensive":[998],"confounder":[999,1037],"analyses.":[1005],"More":[1006],"complete":[1007],"control":[1008],"probably":[1011],"contribute":[1014],"analyses,":[1024],"variables,":[1029,1065],"when":[1034],"population.":[1054],"additional":[1056],"somewhat":[1079],"stronger":[1080,1226],"who":[1084,1164,1289],"change":[1087],"follow-up,":[1090],"there":[1096],"tendency":[1099],"higher":[1105],"three":[1111],"cities":[1113],"Adjustment":[1118],"noise":[1124,1149,1169],"affect":[1127],"There":[1140],"some":[1142],"indication":[1143],"only":[1153],"1.6%":[1156],"exposed":[1166],"category":[1173],">":[1175],"65":[1176],"A-weighted":[1177],"decibels":[1178,1180],"(dB(A);":[1179],"sound":[1183],"pressure":[1184],"scale":[1185],"conform":[1188],"frequency":[1191],"response":[1192],"human":[1195],"ear).":[1196],"Examination":[1197],"sex,":[1199],"smoking":[1200],"status,":[1201],"educational":[1202],"level,":[1203],"vegetable":[1205],"fruit":[1207,1239],"intake":[1208],"possible":[1210],"showed":[1213],"concentrations,":[1219],"tended":[1223],"levels":[1232],"education":[1234],"low":[1238],"intake,":[1240],"differences":[1242,1357],"strata":[1244],"statistically":[1247,1425],"significant.":[1248,1426],"essentially":[1255],"PM2.5,":[1264],"SO2,":[1265],"several":[1267],"indicators.":[1269],"Associations":[1270],"were,":[1284],"however,":[1285],"had":[1290],"never":[1291],"smoked,":[1292],"1.47":[1297],"1.01-2.16)":[1300],"concentration.":[1309],"both":[1319],"previously":[1333],"(RR,":[1351],"1.95;":[1352],"95%":[1353],"1.09-3.51).":[1355],"most":[1359],"likely":[1360],"due":[1361],"extension":[1364],"Though":[1388],"generally":[1392],"small":[1393],"NO2":[1417],"Traffic":[1427],"other":[1464],"categories.":[1466],"(ABSTRACT":[1467],"TRUNCATED)":[1468]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":32}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
