{"id":"https://openalex.org/W154064627","doi":null,"title":"The treatment of chronic pain by epidural spinal cord stimulation--a 15 year follow up; present status.","display_name":"The treatment of chronic pain by epidural spinal cord stimulation--a 15 year follow up; present status.","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W154064627","mag":"154064627","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9295480"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:9295480","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9295480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Axone (Dartmouth, N.S.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087499315","display_name":"Philip M. Lang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P Lang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087499315"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2121,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75836493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"71","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11840","display_name":"Pain Management and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11840","display_name":"Pain Management and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidural-spinal-cord-stimulation","display_name":"epidural spinal cord stimulation","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-pain","display_name":"chronic pain","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/failed-back-surgery-syndrome","display_name":"failed back surgery syndrome","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-pain-management","display_name":"chronic pain management","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implantable-electrodes","display_name":"implanted electrodes","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-neuropathy","display_name":"diabetic neuropathy","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cauda-equina-injury","display_name":"cauda equina injury","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phantom-limb-pain","display_name":"phantom limb pain","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-follow-up","display_name":"long-term follow-up","score":0.8579999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9252837896347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781118164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088113","display_name":"Chronic pain","level":2,"score":0.6789461374282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415275","display_name":"Spinal cord injury","level":3,"score":0.5084704160690308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.5060076117515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777107010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798704","display_name":"Neuropathic pain","level":2,"score":0.502302885055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.4914010763168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.47248879075050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777657843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966104","display_name":"Epidural space","level":2,"score":0.4661720097064972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780775167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9606","display_name":"Spinal cord","level":2,"score":0.4577473998069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.4395117163658142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776501849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5781808","display_name":"Back pain","level":3,"score":0.4255126714706421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780820201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173235","display_name":"Analgesic","level":2,"score":0.41376999020576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.1779913306236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.12414774298667908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004561","descriptor_name":"Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004824","descriptor_name":"Epidural Space","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005500","descriptor_name":"Follow-Up Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010146","descriptor_name":"Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010146","descriptor_name":"Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013116","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018579","descriptor_name":"Patient Selection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059408","descriptor_name":"Pain Management","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:9295480","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9295480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Axone (Dartmouth, N.S.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:154064627","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9295480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970735973","https://openalex.org/W2334281707","https://openalex.org/W2169675062","https://openalex.org/W2341392290","https://openalex.org/W3045488595","https://openalex.org/W2402935835","https://openalex.org/W2171219385","https://openalex.org/W2022516246","https://openalex.org/W2360626432","https://openalex.org/W2040213962"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pain":[0,67,126,144],"is":[1,8],"necessary":[2],"for":[3,25,87],"survival":[4],"but":[5],"chronic":[6,184],"pain":[7,43,53,110,151,155],"disabling":[9],"and":[10,14,81,139,152,166],"causes":[11],"significant":[12],"health":[13],"economic":[15],"problems.":[16],"This":[17],"study":[18],"provides":[19],"an":[20],"understanding":[21],"of":[22,32,44,51,89,99,183],"the":[23,57,169,181],"future":[24],"spinal":[26],"cord":[27,173],"stimulation.":[28],"Stimulation":[29],"by":[30,65,111],"means":[31],"chronically":[33],"implanted":[34],"electrodes,":[35],"was":[36,54],"carried":[37],"out":[38],"in":[39,180],"200":[40],"patients":[41,62,103,115],"with":[42,95,122],"varied":[45],"benign":[46,185],"organic":[47],"etiology.":[48],"In":[49],"177":[50],"them,":[52],"confined":[55],"to":[56,92,107,128,146,177],"failed":[58,129],"back":[59,130],"syndrome.":[60],"Most":[61],"were":[63,73,85,105],"referred":[64],"a":[66,96],"Management":[68],"Service.":[69],"226":[70],"epidural":[71],"implants":[72],"used:":[74],"80":[75],"unipolar,":[76],"59":[77],"Resume,":[78],"12":[79,93],"bipolar,":[80],"75":[82],"quadripolar.":[83],"Patients":[84],"followed":[86],"periods":[88],"6":[90],"months":[91],"years,":[94],"mean":[97],"follow-up":[98],"44":[100],"months.":[101],"84":[102],"(42%)":[104],"able":[106],"control":[108],"their":[109,123],"stimulation":[112,124,174],"alone,":[113],"22":[114],"(11%)":[116],"needed":[117],"occasional":[118],"analgesic":[119],"supplements":[120],"along":[121],"program.":[125],"secondary":[127],"syndrome,":[131],"multiple":[132],"sclerosis,":[133],"peripheral":[134],"vascular":[135],"disease,":[136],"sympathetic":[137],"dystrophy":[138],"diabetic":[140],"neuropathy":[141],"responded":[142,156],"favorably.":[143],"due":[145],"cauda":[147],"equina":[148],"injury,":[149],"paraplegic":[150],"phantom":[153],"limb":[154],"poorly.":[157],"Complications":[158],"included":[159],"wound":[160],"infection,":[161],"displaced":[162],"or":[163],"fracture":[164],"electrode,":[165],"fibrosis":[167],"at":[168],"stimulating":[170],"tip.":[171],"Spinal":[172],"has":[175],"proven":[176],"be":[178],"effective":[179],"treatment":[182],"pain.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}