{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1540168251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1999.3961733x","title":"Heat Stress during Grain Filling in Maize: Effects on Kernel Growth and Metabolism","display_name":"Heat Stress during Grain Filling in Maize: Effects on Kernel Growth and Metabolism","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1540168251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1999.3961733x","mag":"1540168251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2135/cropsci1999.3961733x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1999.3961733x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1999.3961733x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48277251","display_name":"Crop Science","issn_l":"0011-183X","issn":["0011-183X","1435-0653"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Crop Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"E. P. Wilhelm","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E. P. Wilhelm","raw_affiliation_strings":["ExSeed Genetics L.L.C., 1573 Food Sciences Building Iowa State University Ames IA 50011\u20102062"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ExSeed Genetics L.L.C., 1573 Food Sciences Building Iowa State University Ames IA 50011\u20102062","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022019580","display_name":"Russell E. Mullen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3764-9095","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3764-9095"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. E. Mullen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Agronomy Iowa State Univ. Ames IA 50011"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Agronomy Iowa State Univ. Ames IA 50011","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007647471","display_name":"Peter L. Keeling","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. L. Keeling","raw_affiliation_strings":["ExSeed Genetics L.L.C., 1573 Food Sciences Building Iowa State University Ames IA 50011\u20102062"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ExSeed Genetics L.L.C., 1573 Food Sciences Building Iowa State University Ames IA 50011\u20102062","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113505119","display_name":"George W. Singletary","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I209244073","display_name":"Pioneer Hi-Bred","ror":"https://ror.org/02nn4s922","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I209244073"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. W. Singletary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pioneer Hi\u2010Bred International, Inc. P.O. Box 1004 Johnston IA 50131\u20101004"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pioneer Hi\u2010Bred International, Inc. P.O. Box 1004 Johnston IA 50131\u20101004","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I209244073"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"],"apc_list":{"value":1980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1980},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8744,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":253,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88655887,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"6","first_page":"1733","last_page":"1741"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11229","display_name":"Genetics and Plant Breeding","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-stress","display_name":"heat stress","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize","display_name":"maize","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-filling","display_name":"grain filling","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-growth","display_name":"kernel growth","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/starch-metabolism","display_name":"starch metabolism","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/starch-synthase","display_name":"starch synthase","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adp-glucose-pyrophosphorylase","display_name":"ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucokinase","display_name":"glucokinase","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sucrose-synthase","display_name":"sucrose synthase","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density","display_name":"kernel density","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-time","display_name":"thermal time","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize-inbreds","display_name":"maize inbreds","score":0.7390000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113442657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25624","display_name":"Endosperm","level":2,"score":0.8559747934341431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529335014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41534","display_name":"Starch","level":2,"score":0.7898461818695068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776735166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83135220","display_name":"Sucrose synthase","level":4,"score":0.7745870351791382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776800236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3614286","display_name":"Starch synthase","level":5,"score":0.6716687083244324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5469846129417419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170835558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17153","display_name":"Amylase","level":3,"score":0.4682791233062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777108408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11002","display_name":"Sugar","level":2,"score":0.43795332312583923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.3956202268600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.3924875855445862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778597767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027534","display_name":"Sucrose","level":2,"score":0.38782936334609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.3710057735443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.3656991124153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.3317074179649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.2581478953361511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.20857316255569458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778252681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419189","display_name":"Invertase","level":3,"score":0.11933764815330505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776804113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207466","display_name":"Amylose","level":3,"score":0.10778027772903442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776414723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271643","display_name":"Amylopectin","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2135/cropsci1999.3961733x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1999.3961733x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1999.3961733x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48277251","display_name":"Crop Science","issn_l":"0011-183X","issn":["0011-183X","1435-0653"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Crop Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.991100013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311090","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W259090107","https://openalex.org/W259550338","https://openalex.org/W278381837","https://openalex.org/W611184576","https://openalex.org/W1498381339","https://openalex.org/W1534031358","https://openalex.org/W1580575090","https://openalex.org/W1969287884","https://openalex.org/W1975386266","https://openalex.org/W1975458784","https://openalex.org/W1979685503","https://openalex.org/W1990613163","https://openalex.org/W2003971202","https://openalex.org/W2017912965","https://openalex.org/W2018711642","https://openalex.org/W2019259405","https://openalex.org/W2023686750","https://openalex.org/W2032183778","https://openalex.org/W2035289852","https://openalex.org/W2038516755","https://openalex.org/W2039353872","https://openalex.org/W2053986639","https://openalex.org/W2061000840","https://openalex.org/W2065380965","https://openalex.org/W2072321469","https://openalex.org/W2073724182","https://openalex.org/W2078670984","https://openalex.org/W2078974920","https://openalex.org/W2079095280","https://openalex.org/W2080026689","https://openalex.org/W2081423739","https://openalex.org/W2088153154","https://openalex.org/W2090710478","https://openalex.org/W2107218114","https://openalex.org/W2117672996","https://openalex.org/W2313639991","https://openalex.org/W2318369415","https://openalex.org/W2319301922","https://openalex.org/W2324460289","https://openalex.org/W2328031695","https://openalex.org/W2329238205","https://openalex.org/W2330366761","https://openalex.org/W2331326766","https://openalex.org/W2331748641","https://openalex.org/W2342418418"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2329238205","https://openalex.org/W7202268217","https://openalex.org/W2897681769","https://openalex.org/W2386015763","https://openalex.org/W2407143619","https://openalex.org/W2914890956","https://openalex.org/W4385811079","https://openalex.org/W4406548516","https://openalex.org/W2055312930","https://openalex.org/W2066859684"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"The":[1,25],"average":[2,139],"temperature":[3,41,67,91,106,200,209],"in":[4,69,85,96,130,137],"the":[5,10,33,81,115,161,198],"U.S.":[6],"Corn":[7],"Belt":[8],"during":[9,42,225],"grain\u2010filling":[11],"period":[12,38],"of":[13,27,35,39,52,117,145,160,171,174,236],"maize":[14,54,244],"(Zea":[15],"mays":[16],"L.)":[17],"is":[18],"above":[19],"optimum":[20],"for":[21,108,154],"maximum":[22],"grain":[23,43,110,118,226],"yield.":[24],"objectives":[26],"this":[28],"study":[29],"were":[30,57,194],"to":[31,59,197,239],"determine":[32],"effects":[34],"an":[36,127,138],"extended":[37],"high":[40,199],"filling":[44,119,227],"on":[45,120],"kernel":[46,131,141,167],"growth,":[47],"composition,":[48],"and":[49,80,105,157,176,190,233],"starch":[50,177,192,237],"metabolism":[51,178,238],"seven":[53],"inbreds.":[55,245],"Plants":[56],"exposed":[58],"heat":[60,122,223],"stress":[61,113,164,224],"(33.5/25\u00b0C)":[62],"or":[63],"control":[64],"(25/20\u00b0C)":[65],"day/night":[66],"treatments":[68,107],"a":[70,121],"greenhouse":[71],"from":[72,180],"15":[73],"d":[74],"after":[75],"pollination":[76],"(DAP)":[77],"until":[78],"maturity,":[79],"experiment":[82],"was":[83,92],"conducted":[84],"triplicate":[86],"over":[87],"time.":[88],"Root":[89],"zone":[90],"maintained":[93],"at":[94],"25/20\u00b0C":[95],"both":[97],"treatments.":[98],"No":[99],"significant":[100],"interaction":[101],"occurred":[102,153],"between":[103],"genotype":[104],"nine":[109],"traits.":[111],"Heat":[112,163],"lengthened":[114],"duration":[116],"unit":[123],"(HU)":[124],"basis,":[125],"but":[126],"overcompensatory":[128],"reduction":[129],"growth":[132],"rate":[133],"per":[134],"HU":[135],"resulted":[136],"mature":[140],"dry":[142],"weight":[143],"loss":[144],"7%":[146],"(P":[147],"=":[148],"0.06).":[149],"Proportionally":[150],"similar":[151,240],"reductions":[152],"starch,":[155],"protein,":[156],"oil":[158],"contents":[159],"kernel.":[162],"also":[165],"reduced":[166,217],"density.":[168],"A":[169],"survey":[170],"11":[172],"enzymes":[173,235],"sugar":[175],"extracted":[179],"developing":[181],"endosperm":[182],"revealed":[183],"that":[184,221],"ADPglucose":[185,214],"pyrophosphorylase,":[186],"glucokinase,":[187],"sucrose":[188],"synthase,":[189],"soluble":[191],"synthase":[193],"most":[195],"sensitive":[196],"treatment.":[201],"However,":[202],"upon":[203],"adjusting":[204],"enzyme":[205],"activities":[206],"with":[207],"measured":[208],"coefficients":[210],"(i.e.,":[211],"Q10),":[212],"only":[213],"pyrophosphorylase":[215],"exhibited":[216],"activity.":[218],"Results":[219],"indicate":[220],"chronic":[222],"moderately":[228],"restrains":[229],"seed":[230],"storage":[231],"processes":[232],"select":[234],"degrees":[241],"across":[242],"multiple":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}