{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1539936865","doi":null,"title":"Blooming Together or Wilting Alone? : Network Externalities and Mondrag\u00f3n and La Lega Co-Operative Networks","display_name":"Blooming Together or Wilting Alone? : Network Externalities and Mondrag\u00f3n and La Lega Co-Operative Networks","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1539936865","mag":"1539936865"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:unu:wpaper:dp2001-27","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/dp2001-27.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/dp2001-27.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/52853","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018107754","display_name":"Stephen C. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9452-1003","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9452-1003"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen C. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["george Washington University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9452-1003","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"george Washington University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018107754"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12121","display_name":"Cooperative Studies and Economics","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12121","display_name":"Cooperative Studies and Economics","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13614","display_name":"Social and Economic Solidarity","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/worker-cooperatives","display_name":"worker cooperatives","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooperative-networks","display_name":"cooperative networks","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-effects","display_name":"network effects","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mondragon-corporation","display_name":"Mondragon Corporation","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooperative-clusters","display_name":"cooperative clusters","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entry-barriers","display_name":"barriers to entry","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-managed-firms","display_name":"labor-managed firms","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-finance","display_name":"access to finance","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation","display_name":"innovation","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-quality","display_name":"product quality","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basque-cooperatives","display_name":"Basque cooperatives","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/italian-cooperatives","display_name":"Italian cooperatives","score":0.8299999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167037","display_name":"Corporation","level":2,"score":0.8132837414741516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.58431077003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16118543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275372","display_name":"Externality","level":2,"score":0.5308072566986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4750533103942871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3989805579185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.28867971897125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.1494559645652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.124209463596344}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:unu:wpaper:dp2001-27","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/dp2001-27.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/dp2001-27.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/52853","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/52853","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/52853","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.21.21","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.21.21","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://gwis2.circ.gwu.edu/~scsmith/legamcc.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1539936865","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://library.uniteddiversity.coop/Cooperatives/Mondragon/Blooming_Together_or_Wilting_Alone-Network_Externalities_and_the_Mondragon_and_La_Lega_Cooperative_Networks.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/52853","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/52853","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/52853","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.48510000109672546}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320899","display_name":"European University Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0031wrj91"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1539936865.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1539936865.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W144369052","https://openalex.org/W630818652","https://openalex.org/W1482770234","https://openalex.org/W1503772292","https://openalex.org/W1508845800","https://openalex.org/W1537543935","https://openalex.org/W1570639596","https://openalex.org/W1970096840","https://openalex.org/W1987121507","https://openalex.org/W1994807490","https://openalex.org/W2003214452","https://openalex.org/W2004308236","https://openalex.org/W2013386523","https://openalex.org/W2014171447","https://openalex.org/W2032014665","https://openalex.org/W2041132735","https://openalex.org/W2049847577","https://openalex.org/W2053720587","https://openalex.org/W2063902357","https://openalex.org/W2073545542","https://openalex.org/W2076591419","https://openalex.org/W2891444912","https://openalex.org/W2954082032","https://openalex.org/W3149953018","https://openalex.org/W4231971387"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2124400645","https://openalex.org/W7097972458","https://openalex.org/W7098058480","https://openalex.org/W2491225403","https://openalex.org/W2466524599","https://openalex.org/W2157809396","https://openalex.org/W1602370147","https://openalex.org/W2056162355","https://openalex.org/W2110116576","https://openalex.org/W4387059307"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"paper":[2,61,131,160],"examines":[3,161],"strategies":[4],"developed":[5],"by":[6],"Mondragn":[7],"Cooperative":[8],"Corporation":[9],"in":[10,21,68,153,157,210,225,234],"the":[11,27,102,124,178,183,211,226,237],"Basque":[12],"Region":[13],"of":[14,26,48,53,95,101,104,114,117,129,180,185,196,229,239,254,265,273],"Spain,":[15],"and":[16,32,41,71,84,108,142,169,176,182,191,218],"La":[17,189],"Lega":[18,190],"cooperative":[19,29,56,106],"network":[20,66],"Italy,":[22],"to":[23,80,109,138,146,165,171,174],"mitigate":[24],"disadvantages":[25],"typical":[28],"organizational":[30],"structure":[31],"market":[33],"position":[34],"but":[35,98,261],"without":[36],"losing":[37],"its":[38,143],"critical":[39],"advantages":[40],"attractive":[42],"features.":[43],"A":[44,193],"detailed":[45],"institutional":[46,163],"overview":[47],"these":[49,140,197,257],"most":[50,259],"prominent":[51],"examples":[52,264],"successful":[54],"worker":[55],"clusters":[57,267],"is":[58,87,132,145,200,251,268],"presented.":[59],"The":[60,126,159],"argues":[62],"that":[63,73,75,121,133],"there":[64],"are":[65,82],"externalities":[67],"coop":[69,86,134,240,266],"formation":[70],"survival,":[72],"imply":[74],"even":[76],"if":[77],"other":[78,105],"barriers":[79],"entry":[81],"overcome":[83],"a":[85,115,271],"established":[88],"it":[89],"may":[90],"not":[91,93],"survive,":[92],"because":[94,100,113],"intrinsic":[96],"inefficiencies,":[97],"simply":[99],"lack":[103,116],"entry,":[107],"some":[110],"extent":[111],"also":[112],"coordination":[118],"among":[119],"coops":[120],"do":[122],"enter":[123],"market.":[125],"central":[127],"hypothesis":[128],"this":[130,149],"leagues":[135],"can":[136],"help":[137],"internalize":[139],"externalities,":[141],"application":[144],"show":[147],"how":[148],"has":[150],"been":[151],"accomplished":[152],"practice,":[154],"at":[155],"least":[156],"part.":[158],"recent":[162],"responses":[164],"increasing":[166],"global":[167],"competition":[168],"requirements":[170],"improve":[172],"access":[173],"finance":[175],"accelerate":[177],"pace":[179],"innovation":[181],"improvement":[184],"product":[186],"quality":[187],"within":[188],"Mondragon.":[192],"systematic":[194],"comparison":[195],"two":[198,258],"networks":[199],"presented":[201],"along":[202],"ten":[203],"dimensions":[204],"selected":[205],"either":[206],"for":[207,222],"their":[208,223],"role":[209,238],"theoretical":[212],"literature":[213],"on":[214],"cooperatives,":[215],"labor":[216],"managed":[217],"similar":[219],"firms,":[220],"or":[221,231,245,248],"prominence":[224],"formal":[227],"structures":[228],"one":[230],"both":[232],"networks;":[233],"each":[235],"case":[236],"networks,":[241],"whether":[242],"through":[243],"consortia":[244],"industry,":[246],"regional":[247],"national":[249],"associations":[250],"highlighted.":[252],"Evidence":[253],"convergence":[255],"between":[256],"successful,":[260],"fully":[262],"independent,":[263],"proposed":[269],"as":[270],"method":[272],"ge...":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}