{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1539852001","doi":null,"title":"Resources of the Earth: Origin, Use, and Environmental Impact","display_name":"Resources of the Earth: Origin, Use, and Environmental Impact","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1539852001","mag":"1539852001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1539852001","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA55390462","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054335121","display_name":"James R. Craig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2715-7166","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2715-7166"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James R. Craig","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2715-7166","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103515839","display_name":"David J. Vaughan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J. Vaughan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Brian J. Skinner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian J. Skinner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19230769,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13021","display_name":"Geology and Environmental Impact Studies","score":0.899399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13021","display_name":"Geology and Environmental Impact Studies","score":0.899399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11933","display_name":"Mining and Resource Management","score":0.04659999907016754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12883","display_name":"Sustainable Development and Environmental Management","score":0.0203000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-resources","display_name":"earth resources","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-resources","display_name":"mineral resources","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plate-tectonics","display_name":"plate tectonics","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-formation","display_name":"resource formation","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-consumption","display_name":"resource consumption","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-growth","display_name":"population growth","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mining-impacts","display_name":"mining impacts","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"resource allocation","score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-fuels","display_name":"fossil fuels","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-energy","display_name":"nuclear energy","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-energy-sources","display_name":"alternative energy","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recycling","display_name":"recycling","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acid-rain","display_name":"acid rain","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radon","display_name":"radon","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uranium","display_name":"uranium","score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coalbed-methane","display_name":"coalbed methane","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plastics","display_name":"plastics","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-reserves","display_name":"oil reserves","score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radioactive-waste-storage","display_name":"radioactive waste storage","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yucca-mountain","display_name":"Yucca Mountain","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radioactive-waste","display_name":"radioactive waste","score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radioactive-decay","display_name":"radioactive decay","score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-effect","display_name":"greenhouse effect","score":0.37599998712539673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1965285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8008","display_name":"Earth science","level":1,"score":0.5315468311309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780750054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273182","display_name":"Gold rush","level":2,"score":0.5216253399848938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.5119989514350891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29985473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188460","display_name":"Natural resource","level":2,"score":0.4124455749988556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.37574607133865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.3698846101760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.27542635798454285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.2192401885986328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10967296361923218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09347045421600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09244707226753235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09108644723892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1539852001","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA55390462","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.807699978351593,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115425426","https://openalex.org/W575013569","https://openalex.org/W3048681313","https://openalex.org/W6903552500","https://openalex.org/W2570779844","https://openalex.org/W2253403515","https://openalex.org/W615776513","https://openalex.org/W158223154","https://openalex.org/W2218530019","https://openalex.org/W6999867479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"(NOTE:":[0],"Most":[1],"chapters":[2],"begin":[3],"with":[4,9],"an":[5],"Introduction":[6],"and":[7,22,32,43,73,84,94,106,113,129,163,166,175,198,217,292,298,325,333,370,443,453,457,462,480,492,503,514,519,539,586,626,630,634,669,686,692,709,715],"conclude":[8],"Internet":[10],"Information":[11],"Sources.)":[12],"I.":[13],"INTRODUCTION":[14],"AND":[15,138,449,562],"THE":[16],"ORIGINS":[17],"OF":[18,141],"RESOURCES.":[19,451],"Modern":[20,168],"Society":[21],"Earth":[23,41,77,100,720],"Resources:":[24],"The":[25,28,34,38,48,52,58,90,97,183,189,230,249,262,272,304,336,342,364,375,380,410,413,416,419,488,534,572,594,612,652,702],"Complex":[26],"Network.":[27],"Changing":[29,250],"World.":[30],"Interdependence":[31],"Complexity.":[33],"Earth-Our":[35],"Only":[36],"Home.":[37],"Formation":[39,625],"of":[40,50,68,92,99,154,179,195,215,252,327,338,344,350,377,385,391,399,404,470,575,579,614,636,672,704,719],"Resources":[42,78,150,153,202,208,721],"Plate":[44,102],"Tectonics.":[45,103],"1.":[46,496],"Minerals:":[47],"Foundations":[49],"Society.":[51],"World's":[53],"Resource":[54,62,69,171,196],"Needs.":[55],"Population":[56],"Growth:":[57],"Force":[59],"That":[60],"Drives":[61],"Consumption.":[63],"Materials":[64,518,538,694],"We":[65],"Use.":[66,199,632],"Consequences":[67],"Exploitation.":[70],"Resources,":[71],"Reserves,":[72],"Ores.":[74],"Where":[75,501],"Do":[76],"Come":[79],"From?":[80],"Box":[81,88,119,123,132,181,187,221,225,228,260,270,278,283,306,314,317,362,367,373,422,428,437,486,497,542,548,556,589,596,603,610,643,650,655,664],"1.1":[82],"CO2":[83],"the":[85,159,176,204,210,289,348,351,360,386,395,400,405,426,484,546,607,660,670,683,689,696,700,712],"Greenhouse":[86],"Effect.":[87],"1.2":[89],"Lessons":[91],"Busang":[93],"Bre-X.":[95],"2.":[96],"Origins":[98],"Resources.":[101,180,259,571,677,680],"Subsurface":[104,112],"Igneous":[105],"Metamorphic":[107],"Processes.":[108,110,115,117],"Surface":[109],"Shallow":[111],"Diagenetic":[114],"Marine":[116],"Conclusions.":[118],"2.1":[120],"Fluid":[121],"Inclusions.":[122],"2.2":[124],"Placer":[125],"Deposits:":[126],"Panning":[127],"Gold":[128,185,439],"Mining":[130],"Gravel.":[131],"2.3":[133],"Seabed":[134],"Ownership.":[135],"II.":[136],"HISTORY":[137],"ENVIRONMENTAL":[139],"IMPACTS":[140],"RESOURCE":[142],"USAGE.":[143],"Historical":[144,468],"Changes.":[145],"Environmental":[146,193,673],"Impacts.":[147],"3.":[148],"Earth's":[149],"through":[151],"History.":[152,323],"Antiquity.":[155],"From":[156],"Rome":[157],"to":[158,232],"Renaissance.":[160],"Global":[161,173,573],"Exploration":[162],"Colonialism.":[164],"Humans":[165],"Metals.":[167,328,331,378,383,389,402,412,415,418,421],"Trends":[169],"in":[170,359,394,425,483,511,606,659],"Usage.":[172,409],"Distribution":[174,390,574],"International":[177],"Flow":[178],"3.1":[182],"California":[184],"Rush.":[186],"3.2":[188],"Industrial":[190,216,454,521,531,540,693],"Revolution.":[191],"4.":[192],"Impacts":[194],"Exploitation":[197],"How":[200,206,645],"Exploiting":[201],"Affects":[203,209],"Environment.":[205,211,269,427],"Using":[207,441],"Disposal":[212],"or":[213],"Recycling":[214,371],"Domestic":[218],"Waste":[219,311],"Products.":[220,525,528],"4.1":[222],"Acid":[223],"Rain.":[224],"4.2":[226],"Radon.":[227],"4.3":[229],"Move":[231],"Recycle.":[233],"III.":[234],"ENERGY.":[235],"Fossil":[236,245,254,257],"Fuels.":[237,246,255],"Nuclear":[238,296,299,310],"Energy.":[239,241,253],"Alternative":[240,301,705],"5.":[242],"Energy":[243,247,287,302,698,706],"from":[244,433],"Units.":[248],"Use":[251,578],"Future":[256,535,676,678,703],"Fuel":[258],"5.1":[261],"Persian":[263],"Gulf":[264],"War":[265],"1990-1991:":[266],"Oil,":[267],"Politics,":[268],"5.2":[271],"United":[273,308],"States":[274],"Strategic":[275],"Petroleum":[276],"Reserves.":[277],"5.3":[279],"Coal":[280],"Bed":[281],"Methane.":[282],"5.4":[284],"Plastics.":[285],"6.":[286],"for":[288,466,477,536,545,599,640,682,688,695,699,711],"Future-Nuclear":[290],"Power":[291],"Other":[293,520,529],"Possible":[294],"Alternatives.":[295],"Power-Uranium":[297],"Fission.":[300],"Sources.":[303,707],"Future.":[305,361,485,684,690,697,701,713],"6.1":[307],"Stated":[309],"Storage-Yucca":[312],"Mountain.":[313],"6.2":[315],"Chernobyl.":[316],"6.3":[318],"Hydroelectric":[319],"Power.":[320],"IV.":[321],"METALS.":[322],"Types":[324],"Abundances":[326],"7.":[329],"Abundant":[330,357],"Metals":[332,358,393,407,681],"Their":[334],"Properties.":[335],"Nature":[337],"Ore":[339,397],"Deposits.":[340],"Iron:":[341],"Backbone":[343],"Industry.":[345],"Manganese.":[346],"Aluminum,":[347],"Metal":[349],"Twenty-First":[352],"Century.":[353],"Titanium.":[354],"Magnesium.":[355],"Silicon.":[356],"7.1":[363],"Iron":[365],"Ranges.":[366],"7.2":[368],"Making":[369],"Automobiles.":[372],"7.3":[374],"Values":[376],"8.":[379],"Geochemically":[381,387],"Scare":[382],"Production":[384],"Scarce":[388,392,401,406],"Crust.":[396],"Minerals":[398,465,476,482,510],"Classification":[403],"by":[408],"Ferro-Alloy":[411],"Base":[414],"Precious":[417],"Special":[420],"8.1.":[423],"Lead":[424],"8.2":[429],"More":[430],"Than":[431],"Zinc":[432,435],"a":[434,592,615,622],"Mine.":[436],"8.3":[438],"Extraction":[440],"Mercury":[442],"Cyanide.":[444],"V.":[445],"FERTILIZER,":[446],"CHEMICAL,":[447],"CONSTRUCTION,":[448],"INDUSTRIAL":[450],"Construction":[452],"Minerals.":[455,459,464,522,532,541],"Fertilizer":[456,461,479],"Chemical":[458,463,481],"9.":[460],"Fertilizers.":[467,471],"Overview":[469],"Nitrogen.":[472],"Phosphorus.":[473],"Potassium.":[474],"Sulfur.":[475],"Chemicals.":[478],"9.1":[487],"Early":[489],"Potash":[490],"Industry":[491],"U.S.":[493],"Patent":[494],"Number":[495],"9.2":[498],"Lake":[499],"Peigneur,":[500],"Oil":[502],"Salt":[504],"Did":[505],"Not":[506],"Mix.":[507],"Box.":[508],"9.3":[509],"Foods,":[512],"Medicines,":[513],"Cosmetics.":[515],"10.":[516],"Building":[517,537,691],"Untreated":[523],"Rock":[524,527],"Treated":[526],"Major":[530],"Gemstones.":[533],"10.1":[543],"Marble":[544],"Masters.":[547],"10.2":[549],"What":[550],"Is":[551],"This":[552],"Page":[553],"Made":[554],"Of?":[555],"10.3":[557],"Synthetic":[558],"Diamonds.":[559],"VI.":[560],"WATER":[561],"SOIL":[563],"FOR":[564],"LIFE":[565],"SUPPORT.":[566],"Water.":[567,576,580],"Soil.":[568],"11.":[569],"Water":[570,582,598,605,708],"Our":[577],"Potential":[581],"Problems.":[583],"Large-Scale":[584],"Transportation":[585],"Diversion":[587],"Systems.":[588],"11.1":[590],"Restoring":[591],"River:":[593],"Kissimmee.":[595],"11.2":[597],"New":[600],"York":[601],"City.":[602],"11.3":[604],"Middle":[608],"East.":[609],"11.4":[611],"Death":[613],"Lake-The":[616],"Aral":[617],"Sea.":[618],"12.":[619],"Soil":[620,624,628,641,648,667,710],"as":[621],"Resource.":[623],"Distribution.":[627],"Type":[629],"Land":[631],"Erosion":[633],"Deterioration":[635],"Soils.":[637],"Conservation-The":[638],"Keyword":[639],"Science.":[642],"12.1":[644],"Fast":[646],"Does":[647],"Form?":[649],"12.2":[651],"Dust":[653],"Bowl.":[654],"12.3":[656],"Selenium":[657],"Poisoning":[658],"San":[661],"Joaquin":[662],"Valley.":[663],"12.4":[665],"Deforestation,":[666],"Erosion,":[668],"Destruction":[671],"Assets.":[674],"13.":[675],"Mineral":[679],"Fertilizers":[685],"Chemicals":[687],"Technology":[714],"Innovation.":[716],"Appendix:":[717],"Calendar":[718],"Events.":[722],"Glossary.":[723],"Index.":[724]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}