{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1539638552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.907502","title":"Network Effects and Switching Costs: Two Short Essays for the New Palgrave","display_name":"Network Effects and Switching Costs: Two Short Essays for the New Palgrave","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1539638552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.907502","mag":"1539638552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.907502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.907502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.907502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.907502","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036668585","display_name":"Paul D. Klemperer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4372-2962","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4372-2962"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140326","display_name":"Centre for Economic Policy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04jzmdh37","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul Klemperer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London, United Kingdom","University of Oxford - Department of Economics, Manor Road Building, Manor Road, Oxford, OX1 3BJ, United Kingdom","Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)","University of Oxford - Department of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford - Department of Economics, Manor Road Building, Manor Road, Oxford, OX1 3BJ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036668585"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210140326"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-effects","display_name":"network effects","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/switching-costs","display_name":"switching costs","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lock-in","display_name":"lock-in","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economies-of-scale","display_name":"economies of scale","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-structure","display_name":"market structure","score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"industrial organization","score":0.45500001311302185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.458997517824173}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.907502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.907502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.907502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.907502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.907502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.907502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83320847","https://openalex.org/W189162697","https://openalex.org/W1491239794","https://openalex.org/W1495886451","https://openalex.org/W1506854631","https://openalex.org/W1578016304","https://openalex.org/W1583839029","https://openalex.org/W1586373611","https://openalex.org/W1598403245","https://openalex.org/W1600626983","https://openalex.org/W1633268707","https://openalex.org/W1894357049","https://openalex.org/W1901476144","https://openalex.org/W1973702148","https://openalex.org/W1989011148","https://openalex.org/W1989218902","https://openalex.org/W2001359492","https://openalex.org/W2003707749","https://openalex.org/W2003760798","https://openalex.org/W2004310271","https://openalex.org/W2005776260","https://openalex.org/W2026789760","https://openalex.org/W2037957694","https://openalex.org/W2047319466","https://openalex.org/W2071372642","https://openalex.org/W2072197860","https://openalex.org/W2073039539","https://openalex.org/W2081341649","https://openalex.org/W2090696200","https://openalex.org/W2100113315","https://openalex.org/W2109390866","https://openalex.org/W2119890531","https://openalex.org/W2129261459","https://openalex.org/W2131438231","https://openalex.org/W2142456380","https://openalex.org/W2152108833","https://openalex.org/W2153476328","https://openalex.org/W2154047954","https://openalex.org/W2170494975","https://openalex.org/W2324981569","https://openalex.org/W3121593992","https://openalex.org/W3122541849","https://openalex.org/W3124710871","https://openalex.org/W3124804067","https://openalex.org/W3125061297","https://openalex.org/W3126036091"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3124642037","https://openalex.org/W3123497125","https://openalex.org/W3125083092","https://openalex.org/W1564574368","https://openalex.org/W2227957448","https://openalex.org/W6923790206","https://openalex.org/W3125043882","https://openalex.org/W7097129480","https://openalex.org/W2580567332","https://openalex.org/W2370498002"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
