{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1535530259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.1.1.substantive","title":"Is a Substantive, Non-Positivist United States Environmental Law Possible?","display_name":"Is a Substantive, Non-Positivist United States Environmental Law Possible?","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1535530259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.1.1.substantive","mag":"1535530259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.36640/mjeal.1.1.substantive","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.1.1.substantive","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.1.1.substantive","pdf_url":"https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=mjeal","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195044","display_name":"Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law","issn_l":"2375-6276","issn":["2375-6276","2375-6284"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315934","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315934","https://openalex.org/P4310316579"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Michigan Law School","University of Michigan"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=mjeal","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058119051","display_name":"Anthony Dan Tarlock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1228-6723","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1228-6723"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205023500","display_name":"Chicago Kent College of Law","ror":"https://ror.org/0062tv278","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205023500"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dan Tarlock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chicago-Kent College of Law","(University of Michigan)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chicago-Kent College of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205023500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(University of Michigan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058119051"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205023500","https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.1573,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97899748,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"1.1","first_page":"159","last_page":"159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12895","display_name":"Environmental law and policy","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12895","display_name":"Environmental law and policy","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13756","display_name":"International Environmental Law and Policies","score":0.016200000420212746,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12986","display_name":"Administrative Law and Governance","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-environmental-law","display_name":"international environmental law","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiversity-conservation","display_name":"biodiversity conservation","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-law","display_name":"common law","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/right-to-a-healthy-environment","display_name":"right to a healthy environment","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-trust-doctrine","display_name":"public trust doctrine","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rights-of-nature","display_name":"rights of nature","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-conflicts","display_name":"resource conflicts","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incomplete-information","display_name":"incomplete information","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-based-regulation","display_name":"risk-based regulation","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planetary-stewardship","display_name":"planetary stewardship","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polluter-pays-principle","display_name":"polluter pays principle","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development","display_name":"sustainable development","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-management","display_name":"adaptive management","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-restoration","display_name":"ecological restoration","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/best-available-techniques","display_name":"best available techniques","score":0.906000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128069549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q328798","display_name":"Environmental law","level":2,"score":0.6759910583496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17319257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21189184","display_name":"Statute","level":2,"score":0.6254952549934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780461701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748811","display_name":"Substantive law","level":2,"score":0.5523862242698669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777919471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12186539","display_name":"Substantive rights","level":3,"score":0.4942965507507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.48446083068847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.47204646468162537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75011936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4122235","display_name":"Private law","level":3,"score":0.4427891969680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177986884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207892","display_name":"Public law","level":2,"score":0.44178614020347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170706310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30216","display_name":"Common law","level":2,"score":0.41560861468315125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.403605192899704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.27116554975509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.24515756964683533}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.36640/mjeal.1.1.substantive","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.1.1.substantive","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.1.1.substantive","pdf_url":"https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=mjeal","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195044","display_name":"Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law","issn_l":"2375-6276","issn":["2375-6276","2375-6284"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315934","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315934","https://openalex.org/P4310316579"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Michigan Law School","University of Michigan"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.law.umich.edu:mjeal-1004","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjeal/vol1/iss1/5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401049","display_name":"eYLS (Yale Law School)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","host_organization_name":"Yale University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.36640/mjeal.1.1.substantive","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.1.1.substantive","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.1.1.substantive","pdf_url":"https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=mjeal","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195044","display_name":"Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law","issn_l":"2375-6276","issn":["2375-6276","2375-6284"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315934","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315934","https://openalex.org/P4310316579"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Michigan Law School","University of Michigan"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8046000003814697,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1535530259.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1535530259.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W333824953","https://openalex.org/W1514769873","https://openalex.org/W2264264022","https://openalex.org/W6608596006","https://openalex.org/W6822618460"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2952257798","https://openalex.org/W7112485487","https://openalex.org/W2134961219","https://openalex.org/W4360590731","https://openalex.org/W3196899707","https://openalex.org/W4383738490","https://openalex.org/W4388058676","https://openalex.org/W2222957828","https://openalex.org/W3096485514","https://openalex.org/W1560088014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"U.S.":[0,98],"environmental":[1,99,127,164,201],"law":[2,29,100,106,128],"is":[3,11,101,233],"almost":[4,162],"exclusively":[5],"positive":[6],"and":[7,15,23,45,73,80,117,166,186,243,286],"procedural.":[8],"The":[9,189],"foundation":[10],"the":[12,50,60,70,74,88,105,149,197,210,244,260,265,277],"pollution":[13],"control":[14],"biodiversity":[16],"conservation":[17],"statutes":[18],"enacted":[19],"primarily":[20],"between":[21],"1969\u20131980":[22],"judicial":[24],"decisions":[25,36,47,181,253],"interpreting":[26],"them.":[27],"This":[28,122],"has":[30,38,141,167],"created":[31],"detailed":[32],"processes":[33,113,235],"for":[34,90,114,222],"making":[35],"but":[37],"produced":[39,87],"few":[40],"substantive":[41,53,91,97,137,213],"constraints":[42],"on":[43],"private":[44],"public":[46,71],"which":[48],"impair":[49],"environment.":[51],"Several":[52],"candidates":[54,84],"have":[55,85],"been":[56],"proposed,":[57],"such":[58],"as":[59,131,157],"common":[61],"law,":[62],"a":[63,67,96,132,143,152,169,220,227],"constitutional":[64],"right":[65],"to":[66,78,110,161,179,195,209,239,249],"healthy":[68],"environment,":[69,150],"trust,":[72],"extension":[75],"of":[76,134,148,154,172,200,212,231,273],"rights":[77],"fauna":[79],"flora.":[81],"However,":[82],"these":[83],"not":[86,102],"hoped":[89],"law.":[92],"Many":[93],"argue":[94],"that":[95,125,182,226],"possible":[103],"because":[104,139],"can":[107,129,247],"only":[108],"serve":[109,130],"establish":[111],"rational":[112],"resolving":[115],"deep":[116],"bitter":[118],"resource":[119,280],"use":[120,281],"conflicts.":[121],"Article":[123,190],"argues":[124],"international":[126],"source":[133],"mixed":[135],"procedural":[136,204],"principles":[138,194],"it":[140],"taken":[142],"much":[144],"more":[145],"holistic":[146],"view":[147],"developed":[151],"set":[153],"overarching":[155],"norms\u2014soft":[156],"they":[158],"are\u2014that":[159],"apply":[160],"all":[163],"problems,":[165],"done":[168],"better":[170],"job":[171],"linking":[173],"procedure":[174],"with":[175,283],"substance":[176],"in":[177,237],"order":[178],"constrain":[180],"adversely":[183],"impact":[184],"human":[185],"ecosystem":[187],"\u201chealth.\u201d":[188],"offers":[191],"three":[192],"proposed":[193],"strengthen":[196],"unfulfilled":[198],"project":[199],"protection.":[202],"First,":[203],"duties":[205],"must":[206,218],"be":[207,219],"linked":[208],"implementation":[211],"outcomes.":[214],"Second,":[215],"incomplete":[216],"information":[217],"basis":[221],"regulatory":[223],"actions,":[224],"provided":[225],"minimal":[228],"scientific":[229],"threshold":[230],"risk":[232],"established,":[234],"are":[236],"place":[238],"acquire":[240],"additional":[241],"information,":[242],"decision":[245],"maker":[246],"adjust":[248],"changed":[250],"circumstances.":[251],"Third,":[252],"should":[254],"exhibit":[255],"planetary":[256],"stewardship":[257],"by":[258],"applying":[259],"best":[261],"available":[262],"technology,":[263],"utilizing":[264],"polluter":[266],"pays":[267],"principle,":[268],"promoting":[269],"an":[270],"accepted":[271],"standard":[272],"sustainable":[274],"development,":[275],"adopting":[276],"least":[278],"intrusive":[279],"option":[282],"adaptive":[284],"feedback,":[285],"restoring":[287],"degraded":[288],"ecosystems.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}