{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1534208271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2339","title":"Sources of Macroeconomic Imbalances in the World Economy: A Simulation Approach","display_name":"Sources of Macroeconomic Imbalances in the World Economy: A Simulation Approach","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1534208271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2339","mag":"1534208271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w2339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2339","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2339","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2339","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001182542","display_name":"Jeffrey Sachs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-0538","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-0538"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Sachs","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","New York University - Leonard N. Stern School of Business - Department of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University - Leonard N. Stern School of Business - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023779317","display_name":"Nouriel Roubini","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nouriel Roubini","raw_affiliation_strings":["1982 Weights","Department of Economics Department of Economics Harvard University Harvard University Cambridge , MA 02138 Cambridge , MA 02138","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","New York University - Leonard N. Stern School of Business - Department of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1982 Weights","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics Department of Economics Harvard University Harvard University Cambridge , MA 02138 Cambridge , MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University - Leonard N. Stern School of Business - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroeconomic-imbalances","display_name":"macroeconomic imbalances","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-imbalance","display_name":"trade imbalance","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-imbalances","display_name":"financial imbalances","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/budget-deficit","display_name":"budget deficit","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exchange-rate-movements","display_name":"exchange rate movements","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-balance","display_name":"trade balance","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japan","display_name":"Japan","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yen-dollar-exchange-rate","display_name":"yen-dollar exchange rate","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-policy","display_name":"monetary policy","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiscal-policy","display_name":"fiscal policy","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1980s","display_name":"1980s","score":0.9409999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5333127379417419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777098093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473750","display_name":"World economy","level":2,"score":0.528042197227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.39754730463027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.37985163927078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165556158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83937","display_name":"Keynesian economics","level":1,"score":0.33075907826423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15964937210083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3386/w2339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2339","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2339","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbr:nberwo:2339","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w2339.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w2339.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:3125620365","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/nbrnberwo/2339.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3150714018","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/nbr/nberwo/2339.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w2339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2339","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2339","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1534208271.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1534208271.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577093216","https://openalex.org/W1734301121","https://openalex.org/W1846813193","https://openalex.org/W1896502465","https://openalex.org/W1977240483","https://openalex.org/W2026687052","https://openalex.org/W2802665601","https://openalex.org/W3097897055","https://openalex.org/W4298079149","https://openalex.org/W6940714426"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W154515922","https://openalex.org/W4408025800","https://openalex.org/W1967438106","https://openalex.org/W2060938439","https://openalex.org/W2118184039","https://openalex.org/W2233224629","https://openalex.org/W2809292222","https://openalex.org/W1492764183","https://openalex.org/W1585718153","https://openalex.org/W7019005728"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"uses":[2],"a":[3,118],"global":[4,16],"macroeconomic":[5],"simulation":[6],"model":[7],"to":[8,15,80],"identify":[9],"the":[10,22,25,33,38,42,46,51,69,82,85,92,95,98,101,111,115,121,136,147,151],"factors":[11],"that":[12],"have":[13],"contributed":[14],"trade":[17,54,86,123,148],"and":[18,29,55,72,88,142],"financial":[19],"imbalances":[20,149],"in":[21,32,41,45,68,76,97,130,145],"l980s.After":[23],"investigating":[24],"properties":[26],"of":[27,53,63,84,91,120,150],"monetary":[28,141],"fiscal":[30,66,143],"policies":[31,144],"model,":[34],"we":[35],"examine":[36],"whether":[37],"budgetary":[39],"shifts":[40],"OECD":[43],"economies":[44],"l980s":[47],"can":[48],"account":[49],"for":[50,117,139],"bulk":[52],"exchange":[56,89],"rate":[57],"movements.Our":[58],"conclusions":[59],"are":[60,129],"mixed.The":[61],"combination":[62],"sharply":[64,73],"higher":[65],"deficits":[67,75,124,128],"United":[70],"States":[71],"reduced":[74],"Japan":[77],"goes":[78],"far":[79],"explain":[81],"movements":[83],"balances":[87],"rates":[90],"two":[93,152],"economies.However,":[94],"drop":[96],"dollar":[99],"vis-a-vis":[100],"Yen":[102],"since":[103],"late":[104],"1985":[105],"is":[106],"not":[107],"well":[108,134],"explained":[109],"by":[110],"model.We":[112],"also":[113],"investigate":[114],"prospects":[116],"reduction":[119],"U.S.":[122,126],"if":[125],"budget":[127],"fact":[131],"reduced,":[132],"as":[133,135],"possible":[137],"role":[138],"Japanese":[140],"reducing":[146],"countries.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}