{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1533913101","doi":null,"title":"[The birth of clinical psychology in the scientific work of Lightner Witmer].","display_name":"[The birth of clinical psychology in the scientific work of Lightner Witmer].","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1533913101","mag":"1533913101","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17992853"},"language":"it","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:17992853","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17992853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicina nei secoli","raw_type":"Biography"},"volume":null,"type":"other","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024959896","display_name":"Carmela Morabito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3119-1316","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3119-1316"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carmela Morabito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ricerche Filosofiche, Universit\u00e0 di Roma 'Tor Vergata', Roma, I"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ricerche Filosofiche, Universit\u00e0 di Roma 'Tor Vergata', Roma, I","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024959896"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"513","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12430","display_name":"Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3200","display_name":"General Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12430","display_name":"Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3200","display_name":"General Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12854","display_name":"Neurology and Historical Studies","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12666","display_name":"Historical Psychiatry and Medical Practices","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-clinical-psychology","display_name":"history of clinical psychology","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-disability","display_name":"intellectual disability","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-disorders","display_name":"behavioral disorders","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-psychology","display_name":"structural psychology","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functionalism","display_name":"functionalism","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-s-education","display_name":"children's education","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-management","display_name":"child management","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-20th-century","display_name":"early 20th century","score":0.8069999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43252294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377166","display_name":"Functionalism (philosophy of mind)","level":2,"score":0.8518762588500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991677554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345738","display_name":"Mental development","level":2,"score":0.6046057343482971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5930917263031006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910825845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3063847","display_name":"Behavioural disorders","level":2,"score":0.42732110619544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3924334645271301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.35838574171066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.23328816890716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.21403485536575317}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002653","descriptor_name":"Child Behavior Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002653","descriptor_name":"Child Behavior Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004519","descriptor_name":"Education, Special","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008607","descriptor_name":"Intellectual Disability","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008607","descriptor_name":"Intellectual Disability","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011586","descriptor_name":"Psychology, Clinical","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:17992853","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17992853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicina nei secoli","raw_type":"Biography"},{"id":"pmh:oai:art.torvergata.it:2108/39601","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2108/39601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400993","display_name":"Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","host_organization_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6998815315","https://openalex.org/W1639270922","https://openalex.org/W3004859280","https://openalex.org/W2563033353","https://openalex.org/W84992363","https://openalex.org/W2254747706","https://openalex.org/W4231087535","https://openalex.org/W2913717546","https://openalex.org/W2202989152","https://openalex.org/W4300743089"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,37],"paper":[1],"deals":[2],"with":[3],"the":[4,10,23,40,51,57,73,83],"beginning":[5],"of":[6,13,34,43,61,75,100],"Clinical":[7],"Psychology":[8,47],"in":[9,98],"first":[11],"years":[12],"XX":[14],"century,":[15],"when":[16],"a":[17],"central":[18],"role":[19],"was":[20],"played":[21],"by":[22,64],"theoretical":[24],"and":[25,31,48,50,59,67,105],"practical":[26],"approach":[27],"on":[28],"mental":[29,65,106],"retardation":[30,66,92],"behavioural":[32,68],"disorders":[33],"L.":[35],"Witmer.":[36],"author":[38],"describes":[39],"cultural":[41],"formation":[42],"Witmer,":[44],"between":[45],"Structural":[46],"Functionalism,":[49],"special":[52],"attention":[53],"he":[54],"devoted":[55],"to":[56,82],"management":[58],"education":[60],"children":[62],"affected":[63],"problems.":[69],"...":[70,93],"Any":[71],"child,":[72],"functions":[74],"whose":[76],"brain":[77],"are":[78],"not":[79],"developed":[80],"up":[81],"normal":[84],"limit":[85],"for":[86,103],"his":[87],"age,":[88],"is":[89],"suffering":[90],"from":[91],"Retardation":[94],"must":[95],"be":[96],"defined":[97],"terms":[99],"individual":[101],"capacity":[102],"physical":[104],"development....":[107]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}