{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1532423920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2003.57.3.324","title":"The Effectiveness of Counseling on Anxiety and Depression by Minimally Trained Counselors: A Randomized Controlled Trial","display_name":"The Effectiveness of Counseling on Anxiety and Depression by Minimally Trained Counselors: A Randomized Controlled Trial","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1532423920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2003.57.3.324","mag":"1532423920","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12961817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2003.57.3.324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2003.57.3.324","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2003.57.3.324","pdf_url":"https://psychotherapy.psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2003.57.3.324","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61026369","display_name":"American Journal of Psychotherapy","issn_l":"0002-9564","issn":["0002-9564","2575-6559"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316602","host_organization_name":"American Psychiatric Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychiatric Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Psychotherapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://psychotherapy.psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2003.57.3.324","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102152742","display_name":"Badar Sabir Ali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd0dm95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Badar Sabir Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor of Family Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University","Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor of Family Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006890716","display_name":"Mohammad H. Rahbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4608-9445","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4608-9445"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad H. Rahbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Coordinating Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Coordinating Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110397263","display_name":"Shifa Naeem","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd0dm95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shifa Naeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109043809","display_name":"Asma Gul","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd0dm95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asma Gul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013435177","display_name":"S Mubeen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd0dm95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanober Mubeen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111441304","display_name":"Aliya Iqbal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd0dm95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aliya Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6267,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":123,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8900263,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"3","first_page":"324","last_page":"336"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10214","display_name":"Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-counseling","display_name":"community counseling","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"anxiety","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women","display_name":"women","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-based-mental-health-interventions","display_name":"community-based mental health interventions","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karachi","display_name":"Karachi","score":0.593999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.7376095056533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6744400858879089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6355502605438232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5115826725959778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4698849022388458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.41845089197158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.33830636739730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.326717734336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.08045026659965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001007","descriptor_name":"Anxiety","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003376","descriptor_name":"Counseling","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004493","descriptor_name":"Education","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007398","descriptor_name":"Interpersonal Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010154","descriptor_name":"Pakistan","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011203","descriptor_name":"Poverty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011361","descriptor_name":"Professional Competence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016387","descriptor_name":"Women's Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2003.57.3.324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2003.57.3.324","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2003.57.3.324","pdf_url":"https://psychotherapy.psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2003.57.3.324","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61026369","display_name":"American Journal of Psychotherapy","issn_l":"0002-9564","issn":["0002-9564","2575-6559"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316602","host_organization_name":"American Psychiatric Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychiatric Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Psychotherapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12961817","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12961817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of psychotherapy","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ecommons.aku.edu:pakistan_fhs_mc_chs_chs-1595","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_chs_chs/596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196301","display_name":"eCommons - AKU (Aga Khan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","host_organization_name":"Aga Khan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Community Health Sciences","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2003.57.3.324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2003.57.3.324","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2003.57.3.324","pdf_url":"https://psychotherapy.psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2003.57.3.324","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61026369","display_name":"American Journal of Psychotherapy","issn_l":"0002-9564","issn":["0002-9564","2575-6559"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316602","host_organization_name":"American Psychiatric Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychiatric Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Psychotherapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial"},{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1532423920.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1532423920.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100233620","https://openalex.org/W1503121454","https://openalex.org/W1514982086","https://openalex.org/W1583327662","https://openalex.org/W1828516474","https://openalex.org/W1979045291","https://openalex.org/W2005173166","https://openalex.org/W2015006744","https://openalex.org/W2021527073","https://openalex.org/W2060160594","https://openalex.org/W2223752532","https://openalex.org/W2461613240","https://openalex.org/W2618778025","https://openalex.org/W2619783971","https://openalex.org/W4253310519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2403018316","https://openalex.org/W1521988369","https://openalex.org/W3034103028","https://openalex.org/W7171350156","https://openalex.org/W2120846206","https://openalex.org/W2491701995","https://openalex.org/W6981374921","https://openalex.org/W7164860369","https://openalex.org/W2925468400","https://openalex.org/W4413054399"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"assess":[2],"if":[3],"eight":[4,106],"counseling":[5],"sessions":[6,93],"conducted":[7],"by":[8,108,149],"women":[9,25,48,57,68,161],"minimally":[10,150],"trained":[11,90,110,151],"as":[12,94],"community":[13,39,88,111,152],"counselors":[14,153],"could":[15],"reduce":[16],"the":[17,86,98,109,114,117,124,133,140],"mean":[18,134],"level":[19],"of":[20,26,65,139,156,162],"anxiety":[21,73,135,157],"and/or":[22,46,74,158],"depression":[23,75,137,159],"in":[24,40,91,97,160],"their":[27,163],"own":[28,164],"community.":[29,165],"DESIGN:":[30],"A":[31,36,127],"randomized":[32,78],"controlled":[33],"trial.":[34],"SETTING:":[35],"lower-middle-class,":[37],"semi-urban":[38],"Karachi,":[41],"Pakistan.":[42],"PARTICIPANTS:":[43],"366":[44,67],"anxious":[45],"depressed":[47],"providing":[49],"informed":[50],"consent.":[51],"METHOD:":[52],"Through":[53],"systematic":[54],"sampling,":[55],"1226":[56],"were":[58,69,77,89,101],"screened":[59],"using":[60],"an":[61],"indigenous":[62],"instrument.":[63],"Out":[64],"these,":[66],"found":[70,131],"to":[71,79,122],"have":[72],"and":[76,81,136],"intervention":[80,99],"control":[82],"groups.":[83,125],"Women":[84],"from":[85],"same":[87],"11":[92],"counselors.":[95,112],"Subjects":[96],"group":[100],"counseled":[102],"once":[103],"weekly":[104],"for":[105],"weeks":[107],"After":[113],"8th":[115],"session,":[116],"screening":[118],"questionnaire":[119],"was":[120,130],"re-administered":[121],"both":[123],"RESULTS:":[126],"significant":[128],"reduction":[129],"between":[132],"scores":[138],"two":[141],"groups":[142],"(p":[143],"value":[144],"=":[145],"0.000).":[146],"CONCLUSION:":[147],"Counseling":[148],"reduced":[154],"levels":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
