{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1529699323","doi":null,"title":"The quandary of social spending in Africa","display_name":"The quandary of social spending in Africa","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1529699323","mag":"1529699323"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1529699323","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://journals.co.za/content/afgrow/04/1/EJC17167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764863394","display_name":"Africagrowth agenda","issn_l":"1811-5187","issn":["1811-5187"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Africagrowth agenda","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070599396","display_name":"Sephooko Ignatius Motelle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sephooko Motelle","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070599396"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22225564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2009","issue":null,"first_page":"21","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11556","display_name":"Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare","score":0.21969999372959137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11556","display_name":"Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare","score":0.21969999372959137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.20800000429153442,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12446","display_name":"Economic Growth and Fiscal Policies","score":0.17870000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-spending","display_name":"social spending","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-reduction","display_name":"poverty reduction","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-redistribution","display_name":"income redistribution","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-protection","display_name":"social protection","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-expenditure","display_name":"government spending","score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"inequality","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/africa","display_name":"Africa","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-assistance","display_name":"social assistance","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-security","display_name":"social security","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-and-education-spending","display_name":"health and education spending","score":0.4779999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.749714195728302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.7025730609893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777111884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Social security","level":2,"score":0.6248717904090881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.5551156401634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74080474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305975","display_name":"Redistribution (election)","level":3,"score":0.5533266067504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5436822772026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.529097318649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536738050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3249071","display_name":"Social Welfare","level":2,"score":0.5245419144630432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.5119808912277222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196777733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550467","display_name":"Basic needs","level":3,"score":0.49795103073120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.46358534693717957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.45038771629333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777433830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551332","display_name":"Social protection","level":2,"score":0.4380742013454437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3393256664276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1756611168384552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1529699323","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://journals.co.za/content/afgrow/04/1/EJC17167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764863394","display_name":"Africagrowth agenda","issn_l":"1811-5187","issn":["1811-5187"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Africagrowth agenda","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.8974000215530396,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2173304235","https://openalex.org/W7100607785","https://openalex.org/W7099245604","https://openalex.org/W2122455800","https://openalex.org/W2287081304","https://openalex.org/W4243077769","https://openalex.org/W1981191266","https://openalex.org/W1948541044","https://openalex.org/W2981660563","https://openalex.org/W4292595646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Africa,":[0],"like":[1],"most":[2],"developing":[3],"regions":[4],"in":[5,23],"the":[6,61,121,124],"world,":[7],"is":[8,36,41,76],"characterised":[9],"by":[10,21],"poverty":[11],"and":[12,65,70,104,107,112,126],"widespread":[13],"inequality.":[14],"As":[15,94],"a":[16,89],"result,":[17],"efforts":[18],"are":[19],"expended":[20],"governments":[22],"different":[24],"countries":[25],"to":[26,32,60,91,109,117],"address":[27],"this":[28,34],"problem.":[29],"One":[30],"means":[31],"achieve":[33],"end":[35],"through":[37],"social":[38,63,66,74],"spending":[39,75],"which":[40],"defined":[42],"as":[43,80,88],"all":[44],"public":[45],"resources":[46],"spent":[47],"on":[48],"education,":[49,106],"health,":[50],"clean":[51],"water,":[52],"basic":[53,105,113],"sanitary":[54],"services,":[55],"housing":[56],"subsidies,":[57],"direct":[58],"transfers":[59],"poor,":[62],"assistance":[64],"security":[67],"(Breceda,":[68],"Rigolini,":[69],"Saavedra,":[71],"2008).":[72],"Hence,":[73],"seen,":[77],"not":[78],"only":[79],"an":[81],"instrument":[82],"for":[83,129],"income":[84],"redistribution,":[85],"but":[86],"also":[87],"tool":[90],"reduce":[92],"poverty.":[93],"Gafar":[95],"(2006:":[96],"449)":[97],"eloquently":[98],"put":[99],"it":[100],":":[101],"better":[102],"health":[103],"access":[108],"safe":[110],"water":[111],"infrastructure":[114],"would":[115],"contribute":[116],"economic":[118],"growth,":[119],"improve":[120],"lot":[122],"of":[123],"poor":[125],"their":[127],"chances":[128],"employment.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
