{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1529028248","doi":null,"title":"Breeding objectives and selection schemes for Boran cattle in Kenya","display_name":"Breeding objectives and selection schemes for Boran cattle in Kenya","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1529028248","mag":"1529028248"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.uni-hohenheim.de:383","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:100-opus-3839","pdf_url":"http://opus.uni-hohenheim.de/volltexte/2009/383/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400682","display_name":"University writing server of the University of Hohenheim (Universit\u00e4t Hohenheim)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis.Doctoral"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://opus.uni-hohenheim.de/volltexte/2009/383/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035487893","display_name":"Thomas Odiwuor Rewe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Rewe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035487893"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10594","display_name":"Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10594","display_name":"Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14499","display_name":"Livestock Farming and Management","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11229","display_name":"Genetics and Plant Breeding","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boran-cattle","display_name":"Boran cattle","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breeding-programmes","display_name":"breeding programmes","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection-schemes","display_name":"selection schemes","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breeding-goals","display_name":"breeding objectives","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-cattle-breeds","display_name":"indigenous cattle breeds","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-arid-tropics","display_name":"semi-arid tropics","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breeding-stock","display_name":"breeding stock","score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-gain","display_name":"genetic gain","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-framework","display_name":"institutional framework","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farmers","display_name":"smallholder farmers","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenya","display_name":"Kenya","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sub-saharan-africa","display_name":"sub-Saharan Africa","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/half-sib-selection","display_name":"half-sib selection","score":0.3889999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.7172093987464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.35801827907562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23032009601593018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.uni-hohenheim.de:383","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:100-opus-3839","pdf_url":"http://opus.uni-hohenheim.de/volltexte/2009/383/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400682","display_name":"University writing server of the University of Hohenheim (Universit\u00e4t Hohenheim)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis.Doctoral"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018646279","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:100-opus-3839","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Hochschulschrift"},{"id":"mag:1529028248","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://opus.uni-hohenheim.de/volltexte/2009/383/pdf/Rewe_Final_Thesis_for_Publication_OPUS_Hohenheim_21_08_09.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.uni-hohenheim.de:383","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:100-opus-3839","pdf_url":"http://opus.uni-hohenheim.de/volltexte/2009/383/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400682","display_name":"University writing server of the University of Hohenheim (Universit\u00e4t Hohenheim)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis.Doctoral"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.991100013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1529028248.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1529028248.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":131,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13146784","https://openalex.org/W21086149","https://openalex.org/W92677696","https://openalex.org/W112870111","https://openalex.org/W115185857","https://openalex.org/W244511790","https://openalex.org/W266359067","https://openalex.org/W320152627","https://openalex.org/W574951499","https://openalex.org/W1121895746","https://openalex.org/W1485073961","https://openalex.org/W1502903182","https://openalex.org/W1538713006","https://openalex.org/W1565942789","https://openalex.org/W1567434173","https://openalex.org/W1581146601","https://openalex.org/W1585672962","https://openalex.org/W1594940698","https://openalex.org/W1756806191","https://openalex.org/W1783771735","https://openalex.org/W1968475648","https://openalex.org/W1969057622","https://openalex.org/W1974010765","https://openalex.org/W1980426463","https://openalex.org/W1984206474","https://openalex.org/W1986960191","https://openalex.org/W1986999027","https://openalex.org/W1990921117","https://openalex.org/W1992544928","https://openalex.org/W1994022558","https://openalex.org/W1998247521","https://openalex.org/W2004840810","https://openalex.org/W2007466497","https://openalex.org/W2013777706","https://openalex.org/W2014752395","https://openalex.org/W2016159339","https://openalex.org/W2019762354","https://openalex.org/W2021451454","https://openalex.org/W2023732551","https://openalex.org/W2024700549","https://openalex.org/W2025161231","https://openalex.org/W2025986953","https://openalex.org/W2026221989","https://openalex.org/W2029905490","https://openalex.org/W2031917888","https://openalex.org/W2033195598","https://openalex.org/W2033602519","https://openalex.org/W2035396008","https://openalex.org/W2042135396","https://openalex.org/W2043978214","https://openalex.org/W2044531513","https://openalex.org/W2045498813","https://openalex.org/W2047024134","https://openalex.org/W2049250669","https://openalex.org/W2052884609","https://openalex.org/W2053244251","https://openalex.org/W2054552533","https://openalex.org/W2055146160","https://openalex.org/W2057344740","https://openalex.org/W2060415578","https://openalex.org/W2064930992","https://openalex.org/W2076791121","https://openalex.org/W2077859877","https://openalex.org/W2078127003","https://openalex.org/W2079156910","https://openalex.org/W2079405980","https://openalex.org/W2080600718","https://openalex.org/W2091819952","https://openalex.org/W2092725423","https://openalex.org/W2094102605","https://openalex.org/W2097112983","https://openalex.org/W2107313846","https://openalex.org/W2109052324","https://openalex.org/W2111448491","https://openalex.org/W2111566225","https://openalex.org/W2111990567","https://openalex.org/W2121447523","https://openalex.org/W2122197131","https://openalex.org/W2124350766","https://openalex.org/W2126616700","https://openalex.org/W2127726461","https://openalex.org/W2129331450","https://openalex.org/W2130826221","https://openalex.org/W2134489469","https://openalex.org/W2138311895","https://openalex.org/W2138715773","https://openalex.org/W2144940535","https://openalex.org/W2145960980","https://openalex.org/W2153558829","https://openalex.org/W2154207191","https://openalex.org/W2154308284","https://openalex.org/W2158287493","https://openalex.org/W2159898033","https://openalex.org/W2160239977","https://openalex.org/W2160840501","https://openalex.org/W2162804511","https://openalex.org/W2166081069","https://openalex.org/W2167752282","https://openalex.org/W2173089145","https://openalex.org/W2183595746","https://openalex.org/W2186517083","https://openalex.org/W2186825082","https://openalex.org/W2189014893","https://openalex.org/W2220547330","https://openalex.org/W2257666970","https://openalex.org/W2282605331","https://openalex.org/W2283485325","https://openalex.org/W2291160175","https://openalex.org/W2292324326","https://openalex.org/W2312631078","https://openalex.org/W2325668000","https://openalex.org/W2327543302","https://openalex.org/W2329816068","https://openalex.org/W2342820127","https://openalex.org/W2410398892","https://openalex.org/W2469085506","https://openalex.org/W2481487044","https://openalex.org/W2516159854","https://openalex.org/W2580122956","https://openalex.org/W2583830551","https://openalex.org/W2586284223","https://openalex.org/W2604595925","https://openalex.org/W2614347999","https://openalex.org/W2620923915","https://openalex.org/W2625011167","https://openalex.org/W2739521100","https://openalex.org/W2753514269","https://openalex.org/W2765033654","https://openalex.org/W2789255940","https://openalex.org/W2791256898","https://openalex.org/W3164267613"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021451454","https://openalex.org/W1599168725","https://openalex.org/W2220547330","https://openalex.org/W2183595746","https://openalex.org/W38175593","https://openalex.org/W7098118407","https://openalex.org/W2802645011","https://openalex.org/W2135212486","https://openalex.org/W2109052324","https://openalex.org/W1986999027"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Beef":[0],"production":[1,25,173,251,660,1211,1255],"with":[2,287,442,455,629,692,790,806,838,1123,1167,1180,1216],"Boran":[3,35,42,60,95,105,126,141,209,223,265,625,655,711,733,759,785,1207,1319],"cattle":[4,23,36,43,61,80,106,172,193,224,244,253,266,760,786,1251,1320],"of":[5,14,21,26,34,54,67,91,104,116,130,140,148,155,168,227,237,242,270,278,318,327,338,371,375,392,418,426,496,552,565,591,603,632,643,647,650,665,684,758,762,768,776,803,810,846,865,880,888,921,936,1049,1061,1070,1114,1128,1143,1161,1196,1205,1219,1231,1240,1269,1313],"Kenya":[6,45,98,213,228,694,1150,1226],"presents":[7],"an":[8,15,132,230],"opportunity":[9],"for":[10,41,59,78,136,178,332,360,398,527,561,563,918,1064,1175,1208,1222,1250,1318],"utilising":[11,347,783],"the":[12,19,32,52,64,70,76,89,101,111,124,128,146,153,169,208,222,235,238,268,288,294,319,336,348,361,378,387,393,408,419,430,435,511,516,550,583,601,607,618,624,633,666,693,698,709,713,717,732,740,744,756,774,784,791,796,814,824,831,839,860,871,878,908,937,987,995,1012,1032,1041,1045,1050,1054,1067,1071,1079,1086,1115,1120,1126,1140,1144,1162,1203,1206,1217,1232,1238,1284,1297,1311],"potential":[13,77,1204],"indigenous":[16,192],"breed.":[17],"Improving":[18],"performance":[20,314,887],"these":[22,137,570,685],"through":[24,229],"quality":[27],"breeding":[28,39,96,118,134,150,158,189,210,248,256,273,280,295,302,320,447,453,757,769,781,808,833,836,873,889,892,909,912,939,978,989,1034,1145,1155,1163,1248,1307,1316],"stock":[29],"may":[30,1005,1036,1189,1280,1309],"support":[31,1026,1221],"livelihoods":[33],"farmers.":[37,1270,1298],"Organised":[38],"programmes":[40,58,119,281,782,1081,1088,1164,1249,1317],"in":[44,63,83,97,160,200,212,240,267,386,501,555,569,658,755,949,952,983,1009,1015,1020,1056,1066,1170,1225,1247,1253,1261,1283,1321],"are":[46,1294],"lacking.":[47],"This":[48,181,911,1004,1188,1234,1257],"thesis":[49],"focussed":[50],"on":[51,121,171,196,264,582,886,896,928,998,1139,1301],"design":[53,1158],"optimal":[55],"genetic":[56,81,112,175,333,352,817,855,1173,1197],"improvement":[57,82,176,1014,1055],"raised":[62],"semi-arid":[65],"tropics":[66],"Kenya.":[68,161,1322],"Specifically,":[69],"aims":[71],"were:":[72],"1)":[73,451],"to":[74,87,109,144,206,221,233,423,503,506,509,594,676,967,1039,1100,1108,1125,1194],"review":[75,167],"beef":[79,432,438,444,1210],"sub-Saharan":[84,179],"Africa,":[85],"2)":[86,493],"describe":[88],"state":[90],"institutional":[92,203,619,1220],"framework":[93,204,620,1142],"supporting":[94],"while":[99,407,712,823,1085],"considering":[100,994],"different":[102,1254,1267],"categories":[103,1268],"farmers,":[107],"3)":[108,524],"investigate":[110],"and":[113,127,174,187,246,255,276,283,297,303,325,335,353,369,381,389,400,404,434,488,520,523,544,575,580,588,600,611,697,743,779,857,867,930,944,969,1001,1044,1104,1159,1182,1199,1212,1243,1287,1304],"economic":[114,1200],"merit":[115],"alternative":[117,149,777],"based":[120,195,894],"improved":[122,710,925,964],"Boran,":[123,429],"unimproved":[125,556,718],"possibilities":[129,1239],"expanding":[131],"inclusive":[133],"programme":[135,159,291,321,837,893,913,1035,1073],"two":[138,424,680],"strains":[139],"cattle,":[142],"4)":[143],"discuss":[145],"feasibility":[147],"strategies":[151,177],"within":[152,976],"context":[154],"a":[156,166,341,494,630,644,728,752,800,807,844,852,881,915,950,1007],"formal":[157],"\\n\\tThe":[162,615,771],"methodological":[163],"approach":[164,1258],"entailed":[165],"literature":[170],"Africa.":[180,201],"was":[182,214,285,345,384,411,421,572,749,812,819,828,849,901,981,1147,1165,1184],"done":[183,286,1290],"by":[184,292,956,1276,1296],"identifying":[185],"previous":[186,262],"on-going":[188],"activities":[190],"among":[191],"breeds":[194],"their":[197,312,763],"regional":[198],"distribution":[199],"An":[202],"analysis":[205,533,621],"characterise":[207],"sector":[211,626,1146],"also":[215,259],"performed.":[216],"Open":[217],"questions":[218],"were":[219,258,364,402,449,578,613,654,674,687,700,725,788,932,1074,1082,1089,1110,1117,1227],"presented":[220],"Breeders?":[225],"Society":[226,736],"online":[231,1121],"survey":[232],"ascertain":[234],"structure":[236],"society":[239],"terms":[241],"membership,":[243],"populations":[245,787],"animal":[247,328,339,1223],"activities.":[249],"The":[250,316,357,373,395,416,652,669,703,720,747,835,875,891,934,1018,1029,1059,1092,1157],"systems,":[252,522],"types":[254,577],"objectives":[257,296,448,454],"sought":[260],"from":[261,460,531,617,773,965,1011,1031,1053,1119,1134,1273],"studies":[263,534],"process":[269,1312],"developing":[271],"appropriate":[272],"programmes.":[274,890],"Design":[275],"evaluation":[277,775,1160],"nucleus":[279,566,584,608,1094,1106],"(genetically":[282],"economically)":[284],"ZPLAN":[289,792],"computer":[290,793],"defining":[293],"selection":[298,307,349,362,367,379,1181,1288],"criteria":[299,363,1292],"traits,":[300,1176],"describing":[301,306],"commercial":[304,431,443,595,638,672,706,723,745,1046,1068,1101,1285],"populations,":[305],"groups":[308,350,368,380],"as":[309,311,751,766,907,1229],"well":[310],"reproduction":[313],"parameters.":[315],"costs":[317,324,326,401],"included":[322,942],"fixed":[323],"recording.":[329],"To":[330,548,1271],"account":[331,1186],"gain":[334,818,856,917,955],"flow":[337],"genetics,":[340],"gene":[342,592,604,1098],"transmission":[343],"matrix":[344],"defined":[346],"alongside":[351],"phenotypic":[354],"parameter":[355],"matrices.":[356],"information":[358,382,1129,1138],"sources":[359,383],"mainly":[365,701],"parental":[366],"halfsibs":[370],"animal.":[372],"number":[374],"animals":[376],"forming":[377],"calculated":[385],"NBILD":[388],"NUMBER":[390],"subroutines":[391],"ZPLAN.":[394],"interest":[396],"rates":[397],"returns":[399],"8%":[403],"6%":[405],"respectively":[406,869],"investment":[409],"period":[410],"set":[412],"at":[413,481],"25":[414],"years.":[415],"scope":[417],"study":[420,1116,1235],"limited":[422],"classes":[425],"farmers":[427,508,529,634,656,686,715,1043],"keeping":[428,640,662],"ranchers":[433,519,639,673,707,724,1047],"market-oriented":[436],"low-input":[437,507,521,528,557,659,714,899,1042],"producers":[439,900],"that":[440,623,690,941,1130,1293],"interact":[441],"ranchers.":[445],"Three":[446],"evaluated,":[450],"conventional":[452,498,832],"market":[456,897,1242],"(economic)":[457],"values":[458],"derived":[459,530],"bio-economic":[461],"modelling,":[462],"namely:":[463],"direct":[464],"sale":[465,536,953,1016],"weight,":[466,479,537],"dressing":[467],"percentage,":[468,471],"consumable":[469],"meat":[470],"cow":[472,475,478,822,827,864],"weaning":[473,490,1022],"rate,":[474,477,492],"survival":[476,491,962,1023],"age":[480],"first":[482],"calving,":[483],"milk":[484,546,919],"yield,":[485],"feed":[486,984,1000],"intake":[487,985],"post":[489,1021],"combination":[495],"selected":[497],"target":[499],"traits":[500,504,947,1214,1245],"addition":[502],"important":[505],"exploit":[510],"ongoing":[512],"informal":[513,764],"interaction":[514],"between":[515,1266],"large":[517,636,670,704,721],"scale":[518,637,671,705,722],"trait":[525,905],"preferences":[526,906],"conjoint":[532],"namely;":[535],"calving":[538],"interval,":[539],"temperament,":[540],"tick":[541],"resistance,":[542],"trypanotolerance":[543,554,562,970,1065],"lactation":[545],"yield.":[547],"evaluate":[549],"benefit":[551,1272],"perceived":[553],"herds,":[558],"strategic":[559],"recording":[560,1063,1224,1279],"offspring":[564],"sires":[567],"born":[568],"herds":[571,596,1069,1286],"assumed.":[573],"Closed":[574],"open-nucleus":[576,1080,1277],"evaluated":[579,902,1228],"variations":[581],"size":[585,885],"(5%,":[586],"10%":[587,1109],"25%).":[589],"proportion":[590,602],"transfer":[593],"(25%,":[597],"50%,":[598],"70%)":[599],"importation":[605],"into":[606,679,727],"(10%,":[609],"20%":[610,972],"30%)":[612],"tested.":[614],"results":[616,772,876,1030],"showed":[622],"is":[627,992,1259],"structured":[628],"section":[631],"being":[635],"approximately":[641],"17%":[642],"total":[645,667,801],"population":[646,802,845,884],"580,000":[648],"heads":[649],"cattle.":[651],"rest":[653,699],"operating":[657],"systems":[661],"over":[663],"80%":[664],"population.":[668],"found":[675],"be":[677,1037,1132,1281,1289],"divided":[678],"groups,":[681],"about":[682],"52%":[683],"elite":[688,741,797,861],"breeders":[689,742],"record":[691],"Stud":[695],"Book":[696],"commercial.":[702],"keep":[708,716],"Boran.":[719],"organised":[726],"breed":[729],"society,":[730],"namely,":[731],"Cattle":[734],"Breeders":[735],"(BCBS),":[737],"incorporating":[738],"both":[739,1040,1209],"group.":[746],"BCBS":[748,841],"identified":[750],"key":[753,1135],"stakeholder":[754],"because":[761,1048],"role":[765],"suppliers":[767],"stock.":[770],"open":[778],"closed-nucleus":[780,1087],"obtained":[789,851],"programme.":[794],"For":[795],"breeders?,":[798],"where":[799,843,1263],"52,000":[804],"cows":[805,848],"unit":[809],"25%":[811],"assumed,":[813],"overall":[815],"monetary":[816,854],"KSh86":[820],"per":[821,826,863],"profit":[825,858],"KSh361":[829],"under":[830,870,986,1291],"objective.":[834,874,910,979,1028],"entire":[840],"group":[842,862],"99,972":[847],"assumed":[850],"higher":[853,1097],"than":[859],"KSh93":[866],"KSh431":[868],"same":[872],"revealed":[877],"effect":[879],"larger":[882,1093],"effective":[883],"wholly":[895],"oriented":[898],"using":[903],"farmer":[904,1302],"posted":[914],"negative":[916],"yield":[920],"-1.1":[922],"kg,":[923],"which":[924,991,1177],"when":[926],"restrictions":[927],"growth":[929],"adaptation":[931,943,1057],"applied.":[933],"introduction":[935],"combined":[938,988],"objective":[940],"disease":[945],"tolerance":[946],"resulted":[948],"drop":[951],"weight":[954],"almost":[957],"2":[958],"kg.":[959],"However,":[960],"post-weaning":[961],"rate":[963,1024],"0.4%":[966],"1%":[968],"gained":[971],"packed":[973],"cell":[974],"volume":[975],"this":[977,1027,1171],"There":[980],"reduction":[982],"objective,":[990],"desirable":[993],"prevailing":[996],"limitations":[997,1113],"land,":[999],"climatic":[1002],"conditions.":[1003],"induce":[1006],"change":[1008],"focus":[1010],"continuous":[1013],"weight.":[1017],"gains":[1019],"would":[1025],"expanded":[1033,1072],"beneficial":[1038],"advantages":[1051,1274],"conferred":[1052],"traits.":[1058],"benefits":[1060],"extra":[1062],"not":[1075,1185],"realised.":[1076],"In":[1077],"general,":[1078],"superior":[1083,1090],"genetically":[1084],"economically.":[1091],"sizes":[1095],"(25%),":[1096],"contributions":[1099],"herd":[1102],"(70%)":[1103],"limiting":[1105],"opening":[1107],"most":[1111],"profitable.\\n\\tThe":[1112],"observed":[1118],"interviews":[1122],"respect":[1124],"amount":[1127],"could":[1131],"retrieved":[1133],"persons.":[1136],"Similarly,":[1137],"legal":[1141],"scarce":[1148],"since":[1149],"has":[1151,1236],"no":[1152],"active":[1153],"livestock":[1154,1306],"policy.":[1156],"possible":[1166],"ZPLAN,":[1168],"however,":[1169],"study,":[1172],"variance":[1174],"normally":[1178],"diminishes":[1179],"inbreeding,":[1183],"for.":[1187],"have":[1190],"had":[1191],"implications":[1192],"related":[1193],"overestimation":[1195],"response":[1198],"returns.":[1201],"Nonetheless,":[1202],"fitness":[1213],"coupled":[1215],"presence":[1218],"strengths":[1230],"system.":[1233],"shown":[1237],"combining":[1241],"non-market":[1244],"useful":[1246,1260],"utilised":[1252],"systems.":[1256],"cases":[1262],"interactions":[1264],"exist":[1265],"offered":[1275],"breeding,":[1278],"avoided":[1282],"acceptable":[1295],"Further":[1299],"investigations":[1300],"organisations":[1303],"comprehensive":[1305],"policies":[1308],"aid":[1310],"establishing":[1314],"co-ordinated":[1315]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
