{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1528637147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnn.1994.374129","title":"A supercomputer for neural computation","display_name":"A supercomputer for neural computation","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1528637147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnn.1994.374129","mag":"1528637147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnn.1994.374129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnn.1994.374129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnn.1994.374129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195743","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks/IEEE ... International Conference on Neural Networks","issn_l":"1098-7576","issn":["1098-7576","1558-3902"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN'94)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1528637147"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035134864","display_name":"Krste Asanovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0754-3975","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0754-3975"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Asanovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Computer Science Institute, University of California Berkeley, USA","Int. Comput. Sci. Inst., California Univ., Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute, University of California Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Int. Comput. Sci. Inst., California Univ., Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J. Beck","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Beck","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Computer Science Institute, University of California Berkeley, USA","Int. Comput. Sci. Inst., California Univ., Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute, University of California Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Int. Comput. Sci. Inst., California Univ., Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106731608","display_name":"Jerome A. Feldman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7889-6933","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7889-6933"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Feldman","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Computer Science Institute, University of California Berkeley, USA","Int. Comput. Sci. Inst., California Univ., Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute, University of California Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Int. Comput. Sci. Inst., California Univ., Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113232965","display_name":"N. Morgan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Morgan","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Computer Science Institute, University of California Berkeley, USA","Int. Comput. Sci. Inst., California Univ., Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute, University of California Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Int. Comput. Sci. Inst., California Univ., Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044520704","display_name":"John Wawrzynek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1466-4553","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1466-4553"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Wawrzynek","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Computer Science Institute, University of California Berkeley, USA","Int. Comput. Sci. Inst., California Univ., Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute, University of California Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Int. Comput. Sci. Inst., California Univ., Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3447,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49392423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"5","last_page":"9 vol.1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.8227999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.8227999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.08829999715089798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.026499999687075615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/massively-parallel-processing","display_name":"massively parallel computing","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network-training","display_name":"neural network training","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercomputing-performance","display_name":"supercomputer performance","score":0.45100000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83283714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121117","display_name":"Supercomputer","level":2,"score":0.8525678515434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190475519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q544384","display_name":"Massively parallel","level":2,"score":0.7751345634460449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7219312191009521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6324668526649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.6084636449813843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.6070072650909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.5342572927474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.531059980392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106515295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26806595","display_name":"Parallel processing","level":2,"score":0.47503238916397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.3554930090904236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3293142020702362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2536623775959015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12328198552131653}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnn.1994.374129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnn.1994.374129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnn.1994.374129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195743","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks/IEEE ... International Conference on Neural Networks","issn_l":"1098-7576","issn":["1098-7576","1558-3902"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN'94)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.43.7419","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.43.7419","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://iram.cs.berkeley.edu/~johnw/papers/icnn94.ps.Z","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555915743","https://openalex.org/W1569470935","https://openalex.org/W1637630365","https://openalex.org/W1981071268","https://openalex.org/W2044437287","https://openalex.org/W2104153731","https://openalex.org/W2155066383"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041948365","https://openalex.org/W3112768622","https://openalex.org/W1577413515","https://openalex.org/W1691117058","https://openalex.org/W1594738551","https://openalex.org/W65208657","https://openalex.org/W7100029416","https://openalex.org/W2571524829","https://openalex.org/W1960413477","https://openalex.org/W1872537990"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"requirement":[1],"to":[2,34],"train":[3],"large":[4],"neural":[5,62],"networks":[6],"quickly":[7],"has":[8],"prompted":[9],"the":[10,35,43,55,74],"design":[11,22,75],"of":[12,45],"a":[13,29,66],"new":[14],"massively":[15],"parallel":[16],"supercomputer":[17],"using":[18],"custom":[19,58],"VLSI.":[20],"This":[21,52],"features":[23,64],"128":[24],"processing":[25],"nodes,":[26],"communicating":[27],"over":[28],"mesh":[30],"network":[31],"connected":[32],"directly":[33],"processor":[36],"chip.":[37],"Studies":[38],"show":[39],"peak":[40],"performance":[41],"in":[42,76],"range":[44],"160":[46],"billion":[47],"arithmetic":[48],"operations":[49],"per":[50],"second.":[51],"paper":[53],"presents":[54],"case":[56],"for":[57],"hardware":[59],"that":[60],"combines":[61],"network-specific":[63],"with":[65],"general":[67],"programmable":[68],"machine":[69],"architecture,":[70],"and":[71],"briefly":[72],"describes":[73],"progress.>":[77]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}