{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1528034150","doi":null,"title":"Strong reciprocity and the welfare state","display_name":"Strong reciprocity and the welfare state","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1528034150","mag":"1528034150"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1528034150","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/sds/docs/fong/RECIPR_1July04FINAL.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227864","display_name":"Handbook on the economics of giving, reciprocity and altruism","issn_l":"1574-0714","issn":["1574-0714"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Handbook on the economics of giving, reciprocity and altruism","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060298582","display_name":"Christina M. Fong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2703-422X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2703-422X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christina M. Fong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062793544","display_name":"Samuel Bowles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6068-4430","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6068-4430"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Bowles","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6068-4430","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018797763","display_name":"Herbert M. Gintis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herbert Gintis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.7953,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98713093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"1439","last_page":"1464"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.5321999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.5321999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.2556000053882599,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.09880000352859497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strong-reciprocity","display_name":"strong reciprocity","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-state","display_name":"welfare state","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gift-exchange","display_name":"gift exchange","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altruism","display_name":"altruism","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-norms","display_name":"social norms","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edda","display_name":"Edda","score":0.4620000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3264987","display_name":"Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)","level":2,"score":0.7616195678710938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192852","display_name":"Opposition (politics)","level":3,"score":0.7324872016906738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129603779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192451","display_name":"Welfare state","level":3,"score":0.6099757552146912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.5830491781234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.5235364437103271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5149427056312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10470442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2107249","display_name":"Norm of reciprocity","level":3,"score":0.49726107716560364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.46693745255470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.4152663052082062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.4002172350883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.38842183351516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35294434428215027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3399350643157959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.21031707525253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19951948523521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68062652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214693","display_name":"Social capital","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1528034150","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/sds/docs/fong/RECIPR_1July04FINAL.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227864","display_name":"Handbook on the economics of giving, reciprocity and altruism","issn_l":"1574-0714","issn":["1574-0714"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Handbook on the economics of giving, reciprocity and altruism","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.206.3149","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.206.3149","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/%7Efong2/RECIPR_1July04FINAL.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:givchp:2-23","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B7P5K-4KFT70D-G/2/05b251fd5d3bb279919bdc552d31cb01","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88812515","https://openalex.org/W381727090","https://openalex.org/W573207186","https://openalex.org/W1565594707","https://openalex.org/W1565868780","https://openalex.org/W1585323768","https://openalex.org/W1606176548","https://openalex.org/W1725435973","https://openalex.org/W1813376734","https://openalex.org/W1986713131","https://openalex.org/W2006081829","https://openalex.org/W2026883200","https://openalex.org/W2039733352","https://openalex.org/W2045744884","https://openalex.org/W2049110641","https://openalex.org/W2050333529","https://openalex.org/W2075989289","https://openalex.org/W2082107925","https://openalex.org/W2083187861","https://openalex.org/W2098947378","https://openalex.org/W2099209125","https://openalex.org/W2106209831","https://openalex.org/W2109954531","https://openalex.org/W2120173286","https://openalex.org/W2121428394","https://openalex.org/W2123281214","https://openalex.org/W2130553894","https://openalex.org/W2132422417","https://openalex.org/W2133417759","https://openalex.org/W2133877013","https://openalex.org/W2151678399","https://openalex.org/W2152634578","https://openalex.org/W2155753204","https://openalex.org/W2323711676","https://openalex.org/W2335322636","https://openalex.org/W3021246664","https://openalex.org/W3022808291","https://openalex.org/W3122962279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2131795159","https://openalex.org/W6990601719","https://openalex.org/W2488601539","https://openalex.org/W2887316563","https://openalex.org/W636113148","https://openalex.org/W2101590994","https://openalex.org/W4234119122","https://openalex.org/W4254571031","https://openalex.org/W4390856790","https://openalex.org/W2049110641"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"man":[1],"ought":[2],"to":[3,7],"be":[4],"a":[5,27],"friend":[6,9],"his":[8],"and":[10,21],"repay":[11],"gift":[12],"with":[13,19,23],"gift.":[14],"People":[15],"should":[16],"meet":[17],"smiles":[18,20],"lies":[22],"treachery.":[24],"The":[25],"Edda,":[26],"13th":[28],"century":[29],"collection":[30],"of":[31],"Norse":[32],"epic":[33],"verse.":[34],"1":[35]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}