{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1525784451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00557","title":"Conflicts of Interest in Science","display_name":"Conflicts of Interest in Science","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1525784451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00557","mag":"1525784451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/posc_a_00557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00557","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126715266","display_name":"Perspectives on Science","issn_l":"1063-6145","issn":["1063-6145","1530-9274"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perspectives on Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061129814","display_name":"David B. Resnik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-9555","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-9555"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186335123","display_name":"East Carolina University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vx35703","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186335123"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David B. Resnik","raw_affiliation_strings":["East Carolina University School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East Carolina University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186335123"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061129814"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186335123"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8869,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83404635,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"381","last_page":"480"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11649","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11649","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.009100000374019146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict-of-interest","display_name":"conflicts of interest","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-objectivity","display_name":"scientific objectivity","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict-of-interest-disclosure","display_name":"conflict of interest disclosure","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict-of-interest-policies","display_name":"conflict of interest policies","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-integrity","display_name":"research integrity","score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disclosure-strategies","display_name":"disclosure strategies","score":0.30300000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2482559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206330","display_name":"Objectivity (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.8407003879547119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777276634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211067","display_name":"Conflict of interest","level":2,"score":0.814335286617279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.7358746528625488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5649476647377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.41378849744796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35334932804107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.3228740990161896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.20123255252838135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.18489021062850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.18007582426071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1742282509803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1725267767906189}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/posc_a_00557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00557","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126715266","display_name":"Perspectives on Science","issn_l":"1063-6145","issn":["1063-6145","1530-9274"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perspectives on Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/28032","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/28032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81123201","https://openalex.org/W137088121","https://openalex.org/W138704092","https://openalex.org/W1523661589","https://openalex.org/W1529185139","https://openalex.org/W1535533219","https://openalex.org/W1560353428","https://openalex.org/W1963998961","https://openalex.org/W1965753760","https://openalex.org/W1982066019","https://openalex.org/W1983541137","https://openalex.org/W1994929159","https://openalex.org/W2002278007","https://openalex.org/W2003958813","https://openalex.org/W2004616914","https://openalex.org/W2008745885","https://openalex.org/W2011647417","https://openalex.org/W2022323483","https://openalex.org/W2038070389","https://openalex.org/W2038200352","https://openalex.org/W2052289494","https://openalex.org/W2062633526","https://openalex.org/W2065931168","https://openalex.org/W2080542673","https://openalex.org/W2082615014","https://openalex.org/W2085901896","https://openalex.org/W2094737298","https://openalex.org/W2135680964","https://openalex.org/W2315748472","https://openalex.org/W2338603689","https://openalex.org/W2462324290","https://openalex.org/W2795732381","https://openalex.org/W2911568469","https://openalex.org/W2948145983","https://openalex.org/W3202243234","https://openalex.org/W4213042131","https://openalex.org/W4232758764","https://openalex.org/W4234329220","https://openalex.org/W4244181291","https://openalex.org/W4287921749","https://openalex.org/W4300559119","https://openalex.org/W4302591146","https://openalex.org/W4376568678","https://openalex.org/W6649203281","https://openalex.org/W6815317258","https://openalex.org/W6815839949"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4240807660","https://openalex.org/W2428445113","https://openalex.org/W2034886923","https://openalex.org/W2372905323","https://openalex.org/W4210510829","https://openalex.org/W2502841294","https://openalex.org/W2802316723","https://openalex.org/W2354913955","https://openalex.org/W7097771264","https://openalex.org/W1972907345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"essay":[1,33,59],"provides":[2],"an":[3,13],"analysis":[4,75],"of":[5,7,15,19,30,44,68,84,86],"conflicts":[6,29,43,51,85],"interest":[8,20,45,87],"in":[9,73,88],"science.":[10,89],"It":[11],"gives":[12],"overview":[14],"some":[16,67,78],"current":[17],"conflict":[18],"policies":[21],"and":[22,27,41,46,76],"distinguishes":[23],"between":[24],"real,":[25,39],"apparent,":[26,40],"potential":[28,42],"interest.":[31],"The":[32,58],"argues":[34],"that":[35,47,52],"scientists":[36],"should":[37,49],"disclose":[38],"they":[48],"avoid":[50],"threaten":[53],"scientific":[54],"objectivity":[55],"or":[56],"trustworthiness.":[57],"also":[60],"uses":[61],"several":[62],"hypothetical":[63],"scenarios":[64],"to":[65],"illustrate":[66],"the":[69,74,82],"key":[70],"points":[71],"made":[72],"suggests":[77],"strategies":[79],"for":[80],"buffering":[81],"impact":[83]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}