{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1524917602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4010","title":"High-Tech Capital Formation and Labor Composition in U.S. Manufacturing Industries: An Exploratory Analysis","display_name":"High-Tech Capital Formation and Labor Composition in U.S. Manufacturing Industries: An Exploratory Analysis","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1524917602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4010","mag":"1524917602"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w4010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4010","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4010","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003148701","display_name":"Ernst R. Berndt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6388-0768","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6388-0768"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernst Berndt","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Sloan School of Management"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Sloan School of Management","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036779006","display_name":"Catherine J. Morrison Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-5535","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-5535"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162281398","display_name":"University of Hartford","ror":"https://ror.org/034gcgd08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162281398"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine J. Morrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","University of Hartford - Barney School of Business","University of California, Davis - Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hartford - Barney School of Business","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162281398"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Davis - Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071317298","display_name":"Larry S. Rosenblum","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Larry Rosenblum","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":144,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.028999999165534973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-technology-investment","display_name":"IT investment","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-composition","display_name":"labor composition","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-employment","display_name":"manufacturing employment","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-collar-workers","display_name":"white-collar workers","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blue-collar-workers","display_name":"blue-collar workers","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skill-upgrading","display_name":"skill upgrading","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-productivity","display_name":"labor productivity","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-distribution","display_name":"occupational distribution","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-labor-substitution","display_name":"capital-labor substitution","score":0.5070000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.6073018312454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5173634886741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175700187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187939","display_name":"Manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.5091821551322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018260909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","level":2,"score":0.5063883066177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.4630008339881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.4566073417663574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178550888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2043282","display_name":"Business administration","level":1,"score":0.32335779070854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30741792917251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.14030888676643372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12790557742118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.12706288695335388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.12445250153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3386/w4010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4010","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbr:nberwo:4010","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w4010.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w4010.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:3121630813","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/nbrnberwo/4010.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:mit:sloanp:2403","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/2403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w4010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4010","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w4010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1524917602.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W143547673","https://openalex.org/W1504126974","https://openalex.org/W1527062398","https://openalex.org/W1539096414","https://openalex.org/W1559292185","https://openalex.org/W1579564704","https://openalex.org/W1591262874","https://openalex.org/W1913866934","https://openalex.org/W1973776505","https://openalex.org/W2016938270","https://openalex.org/W2029926564","https://openalex.org/W2039967438","https://openalex.org/W2043344130","https://openalex.org/W2045406487","https://openalex.org/W2049964491","https://openalex.org/W2057037543","https://openalex.org/W2091067617","https://openalex.org/W2108158487","https://openalex.org/W2121341777","https://openalex.org/W2123529582","https://openalex.org/W2155966959","https://openalex.org/W2163468440","https://openalex.org/W3123046637","https://openalex.org/W3125901329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028887564","https://openalex.org/W2027669200","https://openalex.org/W7100938788","https://openalex.org/W2888079417","https://openalex.org/W2106584607","https://openalex.org/W2012831413","https://openalex.org/W1969289761","https://openalex.org/W3022962331","https://openalex.org/W7098831274","https://openalex.org/W3003723485"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,89],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3,99,129],"report":[4],"results":[5],"of":[6,23,31,52,76,91,105],"an":[7],"exploratory":[8],"empirical":[9],"effort":[10],"examining":[11],"relationships":[12],"between":[13],"investments":[14],"in":[15,48,60,69,79,86,103,116],"high-tech":[16,50,87],"information":[17],"technology":[18],"capital":[19,53],"and":[20,28,66,137,151],"the":[21,37,49,77,95,135],"distribution":[22],"employment,":[24],"both":[25],"by":[26,29,134,147],"occupation":[27],"level":[30],"educational":[32,92],"attainment.":[33],"Our":[34],"data":[35],"cover":[36],"two-digit":[38],"U.S.":[39],"manufacturing":[40],"industries.":[41],"annually,":[42],"1968-86.":[43],"We":[44],"find":[45,100,130],"that":[46,67,131],"increases":[47,68,85,115],"composition":[51],"(OF/K)":[54],"are":[55,121,155],"positively":[56],"related":[57],"to":[58],"growth":[59],"white":[61,70,126],"collar.":[62],"non-production":[63],"worker":[64],"hours,":[65],"collar":[71,97,127],"hours":[72,132,145],"account":[73],"for":[74],"most":[75,138],"reduction":[78],"aggregate":[80],"labor":[81],"productivity":[82],"associated":[83],"with":[84,114,142,149],"capital.":[88],"terms":[90],"attainment,":[93],"within":[94],"blue":[96],"occupations":[98,128],"clear":[101],"evidence":[102],"support":[104],"skill":[106],"upgrading":[107],"toward":[108],"more":[109],"educated":[110,139],"workers":[111,140],"occurring":[112],"along":[113],"OF/K.":[117],"While":[118],"point":[119],"estimates":[120],"not":[122],"very":[123],"precise,":[124],"among":[125],"provided":[133,146],"least":[136],"increase":[141],"OF/K,":[143],"while":[144],"those":[148],"high-school":[150],"some":[152],"college":[153],"education":[154],"adversely":[156],"affected.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
