{"id":"https://openalex.org/W152404538","doi":null,"title":"Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, and Social Welfare in China","display_name":"Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, and Social Welfare in China","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W152404538","mag":"152404538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:20.500.14332/33155","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/33155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"published","raw_type":"Other"},"volume":null,"type":"other","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056287705","display_name":"Emily Carroll Hannum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2011-9984","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2011-9984"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily Hannum","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2011-9984","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100665068","display_name":"Meiyan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8131-4025","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8131-4025"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meiyan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8131-4025","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13073","display_name":"China's Ethnic Minorities and Relations","score":0.836899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13073","display_name":"China's Ethnic Minorities and Relations","score":0.836899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10628","display_name":"China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance","score":0.11659999936819077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.028999999165534973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-minorities","display_name":"ethnic minorities","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-welfare","display_name":"social welfare","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zhuang-people","display_name":"Zhuang people","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manchu","display_name":"Manchu language","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hui","display_name":"Hui","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/miao-people","display_name":"Miao people","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uyghurs","display_name":"Uyghurs","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-classification","display_name":"ethnic classification","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-peoples","display_name":"indigenous peoples","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-disparities","display_name":"ethnic disparities","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-and-income","display_name":"employment and income","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-access","display_name":"health care access","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-programs","display_name":"social programs","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-policy","display_name":"ethnic policy","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-stratification","display_name":"ethnic stratification","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-china","display_name":"rural China","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.578000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.8008843064308167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.6533638834953308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.5970796346664429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.541232168674469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.47053655982017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480","display_name":"Indigenous","level":2,"score":0.45426952838897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4500473141670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4465380907058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.44003167748451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4187765419483185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.39260584115982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.39140844345092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.37038660049438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.3483182191848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2749359607696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.22884783148765564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.16934967041015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15850341320037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:20.500.14332/33155","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/33155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"published","raw_type":"Other"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:elmm-1001","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/elmm/2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196331","display_name":"Scholarly Commons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asia-Pacific Education, Language Minorities and Migration (ELMM) Network Working Paper Series","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:152404538","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Emily_Hannum2/publication/268337121_Ethnicity_Socioeconomic_Status_and_Social_Welfare_in_China/links/55138f270cf2eda0df3007a3.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":1.0,"display_name":"No poverty"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":1.0,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018297290","https://openalex.org/W2018803111","https://openalex.org/W2082115261","https://openalex.org/W2083500884","https://openalex.org/W2090206691","https://openalex.org/W2090315423","https://openalex.org/W2096849157","https://openalex.org/W2151454621","https://openalex.org/W2798396074"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W113856229","https://openalex.org/W3107045805","https://openalex.org/W4229784241","https://openalex.org/W3122566285","https://openalex.org/W4235460699","https://openalex.org/W368771275","https://openalex.org/W2796072368","https://openalex.org/W6945066156","https://openalex.org/W1968263693","https://openalex.org/W2897628877"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"chapter":[1,35],"investigates":[2],"poverty":[3,147],"and":[4,18,64,71,85,120,123,140,142,150,154,158,171,180],"social":[5,161],"welfare":[6],"among":[7],"China\u2019s":[8,21],"minority":[9,24,69,178],"groups.":[10],"Focusing":[11],"on":[12,185],"the":[13,32,43,52,59,77,89,103,107,110,115,128,132],"Zhuang,":[14],"Manchu,":[15],"Hui,":[16],"Miao,":[17],"Uygur":[19],"populations,":[20,63],"five":[22],"largest":[23],"groups,":[25],"as":[26,28],"well":[27],"other":[29],"minorities":[30],"in":[31,48,76,106,146,177],"aggregate,":[33],"this":[34,55,98],"will":[36],"begin":[37],"by":[38],"providing":[39],"an":[40],"introduction":[41],"to":[42,58,127,160],"classification":[44,56],"of":[45,54,61,68,88,114,131,168],"ethnic":[46,72,95,144,186],"groups":[47],"China.":[49],"We":[50,79,134,163],"consider":[51],"relationship":[53],"scheme":[57],"concept":[60],"indigenous":[62],"develop":[65],"working":[66],"definitions":[67],"status":[70],"group":[73],"for":[74,174,181],"use":[75],"chapter.":[78],"then":[80,125],"discuss":[81],"recent":[82,121],"economic":[83],"trends":[84],"introduce":[86,102],"some":[87],"main":[90,129,169],"government":[91],"policies":[92],"targeted":[93],"toward":[94],"minorities.":[96],"With":[97],"context":[99],"established,":[100],"we":[101],"data":[104],"employed":[105],"chapter,":[108],"namely":[109],"2002":[111],"rural":[112],"sample":[113],"Chinese":[116],"Household":[117],"Income":[118],"Project":[119],"censuses":[122],"surveys.\\nWe":[124],"proceed":[126],"body":[130],"report.":[133],"present":[135],"empirical":[136],"evidence":[137],"about":[138],"demographics":[139],"geography":[141],"investigate":[143],"disparities":[145],"rates,":[148],"income":[149],"employment,":[151],"educational":[152],"access":[153,159],"attainment,":[155],"health":[156],"care,":[157],"programs.":[162],"close":[164],"with":[165],"a":[166],"summary":[167],"findings":[170],"their":[172],"implications":[173],"development":[175],"activities":[176],"areas":[179],"further":[182],"policy":[183],"research":[184],"stratification.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}