{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1522434520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.671","title":"Spatial variation in divorce and separation: compositional or contextual effects?","display_name":"Spatial variation in divorce and separation: compositional or contextual effects?","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1522434520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.671","mag":"1522434520"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/psp.671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79946630","display_name":"Population Space and Place","issn_l":"1544-8444","issn":["1544-8444","1544-8452"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Population, Space and Place","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102953778","display_name":"Hill Kulu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7936-8259","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7936-8259"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hill Kulu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","Hill Kulu, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hill Kulu, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102953778"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"],"apc_list":{"value":3700,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3700},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8724,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82646909,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10585","display_name":"Family Dynamics and Relationships","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10585","display_name":"Family Dynamics and Relationships","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14348","display_name":"Marriage and Family Dynamics","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13096","display_name":"Family and Matrimonial Law","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divorce","display_name":"divorce","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marital-separation","display_name":"marital separation","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/union-dissolution","display_name":"union dissolution","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-variability","display_name":"spatial variability","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-factors","display_name":"contextual factors","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compositional-effects","display_name":"composition effects","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohabitation","display_name":"cohabitation","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marriage","display_name":"marriage","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"urbanization","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-norms","display_name":"cultural norms","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/austria","display_name":"Austria","score":0.33399999141693115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.7969168424606323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779442300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49800","display_name":"Cohabitation","level":2,"score":0.6755599975585938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.6629251837730408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451805","display_name":"Separation (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6049633622169495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5841009020805359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.517257034778595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042982","display_name":"Regional variation","level":2,"score":0.4462578594684601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.4291781783103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.42779284715652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.4153746962547302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.3911878764629364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.37600448727607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2692216634750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2182009518146515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.18336200714111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.18049931526184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08922010660171509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0849941074848175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0777512788772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/psp.671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79946630","display_name":"Population Space and Place","issn_l":"1544-8444","issn":["1544-8444","1544-8452"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Population, Space and Place","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W141324206","https://openalex.org/W224346486","https://openalex.org/W245034627","https://openalex.org/W361315432","https://openalex.org/W1504063594","https://openalex.org/W1518219259","https://openalex.org/W1572668372","https://openalex.org/W1573169151","https://openalex.org/W1600162823","https://openalex.org/W1771800547","https://openalex.org/W1824364740","https://openalex.org/W1966465007","https://openalex.org/W1969038889","https://openalex.org/W1973565788","https://openalex.org/W1980172888","https://openalex.org/W1980619179","https://openalex.org/W1988061441","https://openalex.org/W1995042556","https://openalex.org/W2000223003","https://openalex.org/W2001710333","https://openalex.org/W2003055597","https://openalex.org/W2004838544","https://openalex.org/W2011588649","https://openalex.org/W2016995172","https://openalex.org/W2019780263","https://openalex.org/W2022405174","https://openalex.org/W2024433171","https://openalex.org/W2024661438","https://openalex.org/W2026579755","https://openalex.org/W2027978397","https://openalex.org/W2029149828","https://openalex.org/W2043370448","https://openalex.org/W2044416302","https://openalex.org/W2044846873","https://openalex.org/W2049389431","https://openalex.org/W2052033644","https://openalex.org/W2052518709","https://openalex.org/W2057465401","https://openalex.org/W2068322570","https://openalex.org/W2073170716","https://openalex.org/W2073233091","https://openalex.org/W2077124181","https://openalex.org/W2077808307","https://openalex.org/W2080425164","https://openalex.org/W2089592652","https://openalex.org/W2089778123","https://openalex.org/W2092543239","https://openalex.org/W2100434561","https://openalex.org/W2122037326","https://openalex.org/W2131981140","https://openalex.org/W2133056978","https://openalex.org/W2133611155","https://openalex.org/W2135103260","https://openalex.org/W2138437577","https://openalex.org/W2141474651","https://openalex.org/W2146785789","https://openalex.org/W2146899047","https://openalex.org/W2152280992","https://openalex.org/W2152629188","https://openalex.org/W2153836834","https://openalex.org/W2157325805","https://openalex.org/W2161629007","https://openalex.org/W2164633456","https://openalex.org/W2171749970","https://openalex.org/W2279942210","https://openalex.org/W2313120697","https://openalex.org/W3022732902","https://openalex.org/W4230902751","https://openalex.org/W4246639264","https://openalex.org/W4252638901","https://openalex.org/W4388114520"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4366390412","https://openalex.org/W3012798482","https://openalex.org/W4407223326","https://openalex.org/W1572668372","https://openalex.org/W3149995573","https://openalex.org/W3027614867","https://openalex.org/W3112074703","https://openalex.org/W2764332204","https://openalex.org/W2279942210","https://openalex.org/W7164489764"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"The":[1],"aims":[2],"of":[3,14,25,53,70,86,109,122,128,137,171,186,190,199],"this":[4,26],"study":[5,90],"were":[6,163],"to":[7,21,80],"examine":[8],"spatial":[9,48,81,117,139,149,177],"variation":[10,49,82,118,150,178],"in":[11,34,36,50,83,106,119,141,151,179],"the":[12,23,47,51,67,84,107,120,125,138,142,169,184,196],"risk":[13,85,121],"union":[15,54,87,94,110,143],"dissolution":[16,95,144],"(divorce":[17],"or":[18,112],"separation)":[19],"and":[20,38,72,77,130,153,181,193],"investigate":[22],"causes":[24],"variation.":[27],"Although":[28],"there":[29,162],"is":[30],"an":[31,191],"increased":[32],"interest":[33],"variations":[35,140],"divorce":[37,154,180],"separation":[39,152],"across":[40,99],"countries,":[41],"surprisingly,":[42],"few":[43],"studies":[44],"have":[45],"examined":[46,66,168],"levels":[52,96],"disruption":[55],"within":[56],"countries.":[57],"Using":[58],"rich":[59],"retrospective":[60],"survey":[61],"data":[62],"from":[63],"Austria,":[64],"we":[65],"relative":[68],"contributions":[69],"demographic":[71],"socio\u2010economic":[73,126],"characteristics,":[74],"selective":[75,131],"migrations,":[76],"contextual":[78,165,173],"factors":[79,159],"dissolution.":[88],"Our":[89],"showed,":[91],"first,":[92],"that":[93,161],"varied":[97],"significantly":[98],"counties,":[100],"as":[101],"expected.":[102],"Second,":[103],"geographical":[104],"differences":[105],"type":[108],"(cohabitation":[111],"marriage)":[113],"accounted":[114],"for":[115,157,175],"some":[116],"separation.":[123],"Third,":[124],"characteristics":[127,174,194],"couples":[129],"migrations":[132],"did":[133],"not":[134],"explain":[135],"any":[136],"levels.":[145],"Fourth,":[146],"a":[147,200],"significant":[148],"after":[155],"controlling":[156],"compositional":[158],"suggested":[160],"also":[164],"factors.":[166],"We":[167],"role":[170],"various":[172],"explaining":[176],"separation,":[182],"including":[183],"level":[185],"urbanisation,":[187],"economic":[188],"well\u2010being":[189],"area,":[192],"measuring":[195],"cultural\u2010normative":[197],"climate":[198],"region.":[201],"Copyright":[202],"\u00a9":[203],"2011":[204],"John":[205],"Wiley":[206],"&":[207],"Sons,":[208],"Ltd.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}