{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1521860665","doi":null,"title":"Firm-Specific Gender and Ethnicity Pay Differentials in Britain","display_name":"Firm-Specific Gender and Ethnicity Pay Differentials in Britain","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1521860665","mag":"1521860665"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ucy:cypeua:9-2006","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.econ.ucy.ac.cy/RePEc/papers/0609.pdf","pdf_url":"https://papers.econ.ucy.ac.cy/RePEc/papers/0609.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008387477","display_name":"Stephen E. Pudney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5697-0976","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5697-0976"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Pudney","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5697-0976","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001192089","display_name":"\u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-6534","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-6534"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34771391","display_name":"University of Cyprus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qjrjx09","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cyprus"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-6534","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.8833000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.8833000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12970","display_name":"Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research","score":0.06319999694824219,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.043299999088048935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-pay-gap","display_name":"gender pay gap","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earnings-differentials","display_name":"earnings differentials","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linked-employer-employee-data","display_name":"employer-employee data","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interval-regression","display_name":"interval regression","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-discrimination","display_name":"wage discrimination","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/britain","display_name":"Great Britain","score":0.675000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.7266446352005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.6467310786247253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.6301756501197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780977596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5531013","display_name":"Gender pay gap","level":3,"score":0.623142659664154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5934263467788696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.5826359987258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776157432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375683","display_name":"Normality","level":2,"score":0.5013799667358398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44725164771080017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4468916356563568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.42165321111679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.418149471282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.41026586294174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.32145023345947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.31672704219818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.2643969655036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2164289951324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.08971363306045532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ucy:cypeua:9-2006","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.econ.ucy.ac.cy/RePEc/papers/0609.pdf","pdf_url":"https://papers.econ.ucy.ac.cy/RePEc/papers/0609.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1011.6384","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1011.6384","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://papers.econ.ucy.ac.cy/RePEc/papers/0609.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1521860665","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://papers.econ.ucy.ac.cy/RePEc/papers/0609.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8974000215530396,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.833299994468689,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.6025999784469604,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":126,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91948367","https://openalex.org/W203662661","https://openalex.org/W645050307","https://openalex.org/W1482091557","https://openalex.org/W1484231728","https://openalex.org/W1485713617","https://openalex.org/W1489479766","https://openalex.org/W1491090318","https://openalex.org/W1513917714","https://openalex.org/W1517924385","https://openalex.org/W1520081999","https://openalex.org/W1533191369","https://openalex.org/W1549059388","https://openalex.org/W1561610946","https://openalex.org/W1563405305","https://openalex.org/W1565847234","https://openalex.org/W1566416788","https://openalex.org/W1567929074","https://openalex.org/W1577001291","https://openalex.org/W1583516306","https://openalex.org/W1586261737","https://openalex.org/W1947244956","https://openalex.org/W1965671408","https://openalex.org/W1969929223","https://openalex.org/W1971907716","https://openalex.org/W1971992507","https://openalex.org/W1972390636","https://openalex.org/W1972733539","https://openalex.org/W1977973648","https://openalex.org/W1979245822","https://openalex.org/W1981406540","https://openalex.org/W1982436157","https://openalex.org/W1983372565","https://openalex.org/W1987724300","https://openalex.org/W1987734356","https://openalex.org/W1987776593","https://openalex.org/W1988475449","https://openalex.org/W1991063766","https://openalex.org/W1992010669","https://openalex.org/W1992333423","https://openalex.org/W1994724028","https://openalex.org/W1994976323","https://openalex.org/W1997817781","https://openalex.org/W1999030221","https://openalex.org/W2001284566","https://openalex.org/W2002662091","https://openalex.org/W2003317719","https://openalex.org/W2003422660","https://openalex.org/W2004877180","https://openalex.org/W2007181273","https://openalex.org/W2010556961","https://openalex.org/W2012113315","https://openalex.org/W2023646296","https://openalex.org/W2028430102","https://openalex.org/W2029394297","https://openalex.org/W2029929704","https://openalex.org/W2031961705","https://openalex.org/W2033269128","https://openalex.org/W2034070978","https://openalex.org/W2035945809","https://openalex.org/W2037784954","https://openalex.org/W2039193041","https://openalex.org/W2040753562","https://openalex.org/W2041300034","https://openalex.org/W2045732770","https://openalex.org/W2047007645","https://openalex.org/W2048884001","https://openalex.org/W2049147073","https://openalex.org/W2059831613","https://openalex.org/W2060506020","https://openalex.org/W2061076093","https://openalex.org/W2062066993","https://openalex.org/W2074817771","https://openalex.org/W2082016073","https://openalex.org/W2082312367","https://openalex.org/W2082574861","https://openalex.org/W2085186181","https://openalex.org/W2085303506","https://openalex.org/W2085577258","https://openalex.org/W2088570550","https://openalex.org/W2088731780","https://openalex.org/W2090130772","https://openalex.org/W2094739155","https://openalex.org/W2095875062","https://openalex.org/W2101850706","https://openalex.org/W2102023483","https://openalex.org/W2107497267","https://openalex.org/W2112352537","https://openalex.org/W2113365123","https://openalex.org/W2129476647","https://openalex.org/W2130195140","https://openalex.org/W2138192746","https://openalex.org/W2139122730","https://openalex.org/W2140578951","https://openalex.org/W2146597579","https://openalex.org/W2157729921","https://openalex.org/W2160587794","https://openalex.org/W2391726575","https://openalex.org/W2504348251","https://openalex.org/W2788446499","https://openalex.org/W2889658425","https://openalex.org/W2890307234","https://openalex.org/W2890742347","https://openalex.org/W2891316439","https://openalex.org/W2891392360","https://openalex.org/W2988711431","https://openalex.org/W3021983229","https://openalex.org/W3022630875","https://openalex.org/W3121567073","https://openalex.org/W3122276354","https://openalex.org/W3122425091","https://openalex.org/W3122704454","https://openalex.org/W3122950446","https://openalex.org/W3122993879","https://openalex.org/W3123019787","https://openalex.org/W3123175226","https://openalex.org/W3123394988","https://openalex.org/W3124141471","https://openalex.org/W3124369601","https://openalex.org/W3124560702","https://openalex.org/W3124723350","https://openalex.org/W3125009558","https://openalex.org/W3126034453","https://openalex.org/W3139692159","https://openalex.org/W3143951147","https://openalex.org/W4230797733"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4395096568","https://openalex.org/W7110974657","https://openalex.org/W7204402346","https://openalex.org/W2799633696","https://openalex.org/W347422669","https://openalex.org/W2094739155","https://openalex.org/W4307483286","https://openalex.org/W7083681812","https://openalex.org/W2064159818","https://openalex.org/W3121818414"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Using":[1],"matched":[2],"employer-employee":[3],"data":[4,29],"we":[5],"examine":[6],"firm-specific":[7,49,87],"gender":[8,68],"and":[9,30,71,84],"ethnicity":[10],"pay":[11,24,69,78,102],"differentials":[12],"in":[13,27],"Britain.":[14],"We":[15,42],"estimate":[16,44],"an":[17],"econometric":[18],"earnings":[19],"model":[20],"using":[21,52],"the":[22,28,32,37,86],"partially-observed":[23],"variable":[25],"provided":[26],"test":[31],"normality":[33],"assumption":[34],"that":[35,95],"underlies":[36],"usual":[38],"interval":[39],"regression":[40],"technique.":[41],"then":[43],"alternative":[45],"specifications":[46],"allowing":[47],"for":[48],"random":[50],"effects,":[51],"a":[53,62,72],"semi-parametric":[54],"finite":[55],"mixture":[56],"estimator.":[57],"The":[58],"empirical":[59],"estimation":[60],"reveals":[61],"22":[63],"%":[64,74],"(13%)":[65],"weekly":[66,76],"(hourly)":[67,77],"gap":[70],"28":[73],"(19%)":[75],"race":[79],"gap.":[80],"Strikingly,":[81],"although":[82],"significant":[83],"sizeable":[85],"effects":[88],"are":[89],"not":[90],"correlated":[91],"with":[92],"other":[93],"variables":[94],"may":[96],"act":[97],"as":[98],"indirect":[99],"indicators":[100],"of":[101],"differentials.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}