{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1521797964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264072916-7-en","title":"International Road and Rail Freight Transport","display_name":"International Road and Rail Freight Transport","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1521797964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264072916-7-en","mag":"1521797964"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1787/9789264072916-7-en","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264072916-7-en","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264072916-7-en","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463687","display_name":"OECD eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320232","host_organization_name":"Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320232"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Globalisation, Transport and the Environment","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4252470307","display_name":"Globalisation, Transport and the Environment"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089299019","display_name":"Allan G. Woodburn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allan Woodburn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108356201","display_name":"Julian Allen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032289244","display_name":"Michael J. Browne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1900-5189","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1900-5189"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Browne","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089115153","display_name":"Jacques L\u00e9onardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5203-809X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5203-809X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacques Leonardi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033131980","display_name":"Huib van Essen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huib van Essen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08897877,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"121","last_page":"159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12725","display_name":"transportation and logistics systems","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12725","display_name":"transportation and logistics systems","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12984","display_name":"Transport and Logistics Innovations","score":0.01080000028014183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11223","display_name":"Maritime Ports and Logistics","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-road-freight-transport","display_name":"international road freight transport","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-rail-freight-transport","display_name":"international rail freight transport","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade-growth","display_name":"international trade growth","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customs-clearance","display_name":"customs clearance","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/border-crossing","display_name":"border crossing","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transportation-security","display_name":"transport security","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-infrastructure","display_name":"transport infrastructure","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transportation-bottlenecks","display_name":"transport bottlenecks","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freight-transport-efficiency","display_name":"freight transport efficiency","score":0.5149999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.78996741771698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.5477286577224731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5457084774971008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019222255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q516739","display_name":"Road transport","level":2,"score":0.49321526288986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.48055389523506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C532444271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2516403","display_name":"Traffic management","level":2,"score":0.41724342107772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.4052227735519409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3181981146335602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12285184860229492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1787/9789264072916-7-en","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264072916-7-en","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264072916-7-en","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463687","display_name":"OECD eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320232","host_organization_name":"Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320232"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Globalisation, Transport and the Environment","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk:90883","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/90883/international-road-and-rail-freight-transport-the-impact-of-globalisation-on-activity-levels","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400277","display_name":"WestminsterResearch (University of Westminster)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I94951947","host_organization_name":"University of Westminster","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94951947"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":247,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W110303463","https://openalex.org/W116941266","https://openalex.org/W135888082","https://openalex.org/W136215757","https://openalex.org/W149373863","https://openalex.org/W159997068","https://openalex.org/W186362151","https://openalex.org/W304435235","https://openalex.org/W341513490","https://openalex.org/W560522439","https://openalex.org/W562534101","https://openalex.org/W569571736","https://openalex.org/W584748520","https://openalex.org/W586463216","https://openalex.org/W598121521","https://openalex.org/W599672827","https://openalex.org/W602510800","https://openalex.org/W627874471","https://openalex.org/W628046227","https://openalex.org/W651308135","https://openalex.org/W657668407","https://openalex.org/W1488548441","https://openalex.org/W1491997069","https://openalex.org/W1494146537","https://openalex.org/W1501151793","https://openalex.org/W1517143005","https://openalex.org/W1526143259","https://openalex.org/W1526970636","https://openalex.org/W1529410770","https://openalex.org/W1539014137","https://openalex.org/W1541043982","https://openalex.org/W1546277782","https://openalex.org/W1546456159","https://openalex.org/W1562168712","https://openalex.org/W1569980775","https://openalex.org/W1575092072","https://openalex.org/W1575579655","https://openalex.org/W1575826334","https://openalex.org/W1576488446","https://openalex.org/W1581149804","https://openalex.org/W1583276246","https://openalex.org/W1583769121","https://openalex.org/W1587092908","https://openalex.org/W1596722782","https://openalex.org/W1603087459","https://openalex.org/W1604948289","https://openalex.org/W1748157816","https://openalex.org/W1799105982","https://openalex.org/W1861757514","https://openalex.org/W1964519725","https://openalex.org/W1965597903","https://openalex.org/W1968486438","https://openalex.org/W1968761451","https://openalex.org/W1970121156","https://openalex.org/W1971162398","https://openalex.org/W1971324913","https://openalex.org/W1975196041","https://openalex.org/W1976171181","https://openalex.org/W1978153810","https://openalex.org/W1978241649","https://openalex.org/W1980506975","https://openalex.org/W1980733421","https://openalex.org/W1980928898","https://openalex.org/W1982957553","https://openalex.org/W1983452308","https://openalex.org/W1983517232","https://openalex.org/W1985988953","https://openalex.org/W1986105688","https://openalex.org/W1988908857","https://openalex.org/W1989617888","https://openalex.org/W1991194966","https://openalex.org/W1991891756","https://openalex.org/W1992639118","https://openalex.org/W1994184925","https://openalex.org/W1995165294","https://openalex.org/W1995910984","https://openalex.org/W1996537770","https://openalex.org/W1997931154","https://openalex.org/W1998381030","https://openalex.org/W1999386912","https://openalex.org/W2003089423","https://openalex.org/W2003111179","https://openalex.org/W2004310651","https://openalex.org/W2005213500","https://openalex.org/W2006166916","https://openalex.org/W2006400838","https://openalex.org/W2009153212","https://openalex.org/W2009279813","https://openalex.org/W2009586160","https://openalex.org/W2010344496","https://openalex.org/W2011488659","https://openalex.org/W2012132103","https://openalex.org/W2013199034","https://openalex.org/W2014001974","https://openalex.org/W2016642990","https://openalex.org/W2017810225","https://openalex.org/W2023672597","https://openalex.org/W2028736462","https://openalex.org/W2030037414","https://openalex.org/W2030228780","https://openalex.org/W2031793485","https://openalex.org/W2036305060","https://openalex.org/W2037275305","https://openalex.org/W2037923745","https://openalex.org/W2038453176","https://openalex.org/W2039605389","https://openalex.org/W2040756582","https://openalex.org/W2045182568","https://openalex.org/W2045248771","https://openalex.org/W2046408772","https://openalex.org/W2046779413","https://openalex.org/W2050676769","https://openalex.org/W2053708311","https://openalex.org/W2054428400","https://openalex.org/W2056574841","https://openalex.org/W2058075772","https://openalex.org/W2061588396","https://openalex.org/W2062217977","https://openalex.org/W2063795571","https://openalex.org/W2065496891","https://openalex.org/W2065866939","https://openalex.org/W2068117744","https://openalex.org/W2072620349","https://openalex.org/W2073765149","https://openalex.org/W2074842358","https://openalex.org/W2075523605","https://openalex.org/W2077107774","https://openalex.org/W2082127727","https://openalex.org/W2082198392","https://openalex.org/W2084771009","https://openalex.org/W2086118679","https://openalex.org/W2088222042","https://openalex.org/W2092838154","https://openalex.org/W2093211856","https://openalex.org/W2093415491","https://openalex.org/W2093456659","https://openalex.org/W2095783251","https://openalex.org/W2096037123","https://openalex.org/W2096133649","https://openalex.org/W2097028705","https://openalex.org/W2098772074","https://openalex.org/W2098799743","https://openalex.org/W2101278403","https://openalex.org/W2102038515","https://openalex.org/W2102128253","https://openalex.org/W2106669077","https://openalex.org/W2110042812","https://openalex.org/W2112171626","https://openalex.org/W2112875597","https://openalex.org/W2117691354","https://openalex.org/W2119106412","https://openalex.org/W2119744638","https://openalex.org/W2120315443","https://openalex.org/W2122901868","https://openalex.org/W2124610505","https://openalex.org/W2124887653","https://openalex.org/W2125481562","https://openalex.org/W2128393961","https://openalex.org/W2130046190","https://openalex.org/W2130674115","https://openalex.org/W2133492100","https://openalex.org/W2134447131","https://openalex.org/W2134612375","https://openalex.org/W2134971458","https://openalex.org/W2136251117","https://openalex.org/W2136905648","https://openalex.org/W2137565621","https://openalex.org/W2142003868","https://openalex.org/W2144270142","https://openalex.org/W2146202609","https://openalex.org/W2149352713","https://openalex.org/W2152684954","https://openalex.org/W2153514418","https://openalex.org/W2154182918","https://openalex.org/W2155758150","https://openalex.org/W2156536032","https://openalex.org/W2164451921","https://openalex.org/W2165911744","https://openalex.org/W2169777207","https://openalex.org/W2170540816","https://openalex.org/W2170832375","https://openalex.org/W2171667559","https://openalex.org/W2177926054","https://openalex.org/W2187629771","https://openalex.org/W2187644022","https://openalex.org/W2205828468","https://openalex.org/W2224511918","https://openalex.org/W2224561868","https://openalex.org/W2260242516","https://openalex.org/W2495165505","https://openalex.org/W2557465695","https://openalex.org/W2577355101","https://openalex.org/W2582426891","https://openalex.org/W2622836175","https://openalex.org/W2751010239","https://openalex.org/W2758538050","https://openalex.org/W2758983171","https://openalex.org/W2769477018","https://openalex.org/W2795118934","https://openalex.org/W2796086769","https://openalex.org/W2797600200","https://openalex.org/W2802886719","https://openalex.org/W2890990836","https://openalex.org/W2899438314","https://openalex.org/W2904255904","https://openalex.org/W2915179512","https://openalex.org/W2915208726","https://openalex.org/W2994584452","https://openalex.org/W3000424644","https://openalex.org/W3021141983","https://openalex.org/W3022408888","https://openalex.org/W3023877969","https://openalex.org/W3024769607","https://openalex.org/W3100600096","https://openalex.org/W3121293425","https://openalex.org/W3121659733","https://openalex.org/W3122078565","https://openalex.org/W3123888140","https://openalex.org/W3124709185","https://openalex.org/W3124752776","https://openalex.org/W3125166879","https://openalex.org/W3140418879","https://openalex.org/W3155230368","https://openalex.org/W3170999623","https://openalex.org/W3206400845","https://openalex.org/W4205956952","https://openalex.org/W4214813396","https://openalex.org/W4229861470","https://openalex.org/W4231744052","https://openalex.org/W4233561456","https://openalex.org/W4233757456","https://openalex.org/W4234500588","https://openalex.org/W4236348676","https://openalex.org/W4238858060","https://openalex.org/W4239455462","https://openalex.org/W4241533751","https://openalex.org/W4242356573","https://openalex.org/W4248827387","https://openalex.org/W4249180496","https://openalex.org/W4249377913","https://openalex.org/W4250197390","https://openalex.org/W4251883987","https://openalex.org/W4252060867","https://openalex.org/W4298380050","https://openalex.org/W4312472381","https://openalex.org/W4321226012","https://openalex.org/W4389526463"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7057473770","https://openalex.org/W1590052828","https://openalex.org/W7095253843","https://openalex.org/W6922614629","https://openalex.org/W186836587","https://openalex.org/W2486693519","https://openalex.org/W191941910","https://openalex.org/W2943844592","https://openalex.org/W2745057661","https://openalex.org/W2892292428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"chapter":[1,111,153,180],"establishes":[2],"the":[3,15,32,38,68,100,134,144,203],"recent":[4,114],"trends":[5,115],"in":[6,18,67,82,96,116,149,202,211],"international":[7,33,43,72,117,122,150,206],"trade":[8,21,73,118,123],"volumes.":[9],"It":[10,120],"then":[11,162],"aims":[12],"to":[13,80,106,190],"identify":[14],"main":[16],"ways":[17],"which":[19,165],"this":[20],"growth":[22],"has":[23],"affected":[24],"road":[25,160,207],"and":[26,35,48,89,124,129,139,161,172,175,208],"rail":[27,49,163,209],"freight":[28,210],"transport":[29,45,91,125],"activity":[30],"at":[31,113,185],"level,":[34],"finally":[36],"considers":[37],"likely":[39,65],"future":[40,186],"direction":[41],"of":[42,56,71,77,102,136,159,205],"land-based":[44],"movement.":[46],"Road":[47],"are":[50,177],"currently":[51],"carrying":[52],"relatively":[53],"small":[54],"quantities":[55],"products":[57],"traded":[58],"internationally":[59],"compared":[60],"with":[61,143,182,194],"maritime":[62],"shipping.":[63],"However,":[64],"increases":[66,201],"total":[69],"quantity":[70],"(as":[74],"a":[75,127,155,183],"result":[76],"manufacture":[78],"continuing":[79],"grow":[81],"distant":[83],"locations,":[84],"facilitated":[85],"by":[86,94],"more":[87,156],"reliable,":[88],"faster":[90],"services,":[92],"supported":[93],"improvements":[95],"technology)":[97],"will":[98],"increase":[99],"amount":[101],"goods":[103],"that":[104],"need":[105],"be":[107],"transported":[108],"internationally.":[109],"The":[110,152,179],"looks":[112],"activity.":[119],"discusses":[121],"from":[126],"policy":[128,171],"economic":[130],"perspective,":[131],"before":[132],"describing":[133],"importance":[135],"customs":[137],"clearance":[138],"border":[140],"crossings":[141],"together":[142],"increased":[145],"concerns":[146],"about":[147],"security":[148],"transport.":[151],"provides":[154],"detailed":[157],"discussion":[158],"within":[164],"aspects":[166],"such":[167],"as":[168],"infrastructure":[169],"issues,":[170],"regulation,":[173],"operations":[174],"technology":[176],"reviewed.":[178],"closes":[181],"look":[184],"perspectives.":[187],"New":[188],"developments":[189],"remove":[191],"bottlenecks,":[192],"combined":[193],"operational":[195],"improvements,":[196],"provide":[197],"scope":[198],"for":[199],"considerable":[200],"efficiency":[204],"many":[212],"regions.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}