{"id":"https://openalex.org/W152174418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs11890j","title":"Trace Evidence\u2014The Invisible Witness","display_name":"Trace Evidence\u2014The Invisible Witness","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W152174418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs11890j","mag":"152174418","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3944574"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1520/jfs11890j","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs11890j","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs11890j","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62072220","display_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","issn_l":"0022-1198","issn":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084026430","display_name":"Nicholas D. K. Petraco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8551-4777","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8551-4777"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331163269","display_name":"New York City Police Department","ror":"https://ror.org/03nkqys97","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331163269"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"N Petraco","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York City Police Department 1 Detective , , 235 E. 20th St. New York, NY10003 ","Detective, New York City Police Department, 235 E. 20th St. New York, NY 10003. US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York City Police Department 1 Detective , , 235 E. 20th St. New York, NY10003 ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331163269"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Detective, New York City Police Department, 235 E. 20th St. New York, NY 10003. US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331163269"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084026430"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331163269"],"apc_list":{"value":4330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4330},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9185,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84135266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"1","first_page":"321","last_page":"328"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13192","display_name":"Forensic Fingerprint Detection Methods","score":0.9106000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13192","display_name":"Forensic Fingerprint Detection Methods","score":0.9106000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.031099999323487282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13271","display_name":"Ukrainian Legal and Forensic Studies","score":0.013000000268220901,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace-evidence","display_name":"trace evidence","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopic-examination","display_name":"microscopic examination","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-casework","display_name":"forensic casework","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crime-scene-reconstruction","display_name":"crime scene reconstruction","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-identification","display_name":"personal identification","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-identification","display_name":"occupational identification","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-investigation","display_name":"criminal investigation","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-trials","display_name":"criminal trials","score":0.4300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.9207046627998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776900844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8028383","display_name":"Witness","level":2,"score":0.8923126459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.5643141865730286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4003564119338989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3441465497016907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.32345420122146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.13415038585662842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06274783611297607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005554","descriptor_name":"Forensic Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006708","descriptor_name":"Homicide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008853","descriptor_name":"Microscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014948","descriptor_name":"Wounds, Gunshot","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1520/jfs11890j","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs11890j","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs11890j","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62072220","display_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","issn_l":"0022-1198","issn":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3944574","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3944574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of forensic sciences","raw_type":"Case Reports"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2796783542","https://openalex.org/W4236408593"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3025587474","https://openalex.org/W7058666143","https://openalex.org/W2890608850","https://openalex.org/W2949036950","https://openalex.org/W2566878456","https://openalex.org/W956990504","https://openalex.org/W4293576146","https://openalex.org/W3204828982","https://openalex.org/W193702493","https://openalex.org/W2801700550"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"reviews":[2],"the":[3,18,28,35,38,42,45,54,58,61,64,68,72],"use":[4,62],"of":[5,21,44,57,63],"microscopic":[6,19],"trace":[7,22,65],"evidence":[8,23,66],"in":[9,16,34,51],"actual":[10],"casework.":[11],"Three":[12],"cases":[13],"are":[14],"discussed":[15,50],"which":[17],"analysis":[20],"was":[24],"used":[25],"to:":[26],"associate":[27],"people,":[29],"places,":[30],"and":[31,40,70],"things":[32],"involved":[33],"incident;":[36],"reconstruct":[37],"event;":[39],"describe":[41],"occupation(s)":[43],"participants.":[46],"Each":[47],"case":[48],"is":[49],"detail":[52],"from":[53],"initial":[55],"stages":[56],"investigation":[59,69],"through":[60],"during":[67],"at":[71],"trial.":[73]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}