{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1521654028","doi":null,"title":"A Comparison of polarization measures","display_name":"A Comparison of polarization measures","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1521654028","mag":"1521654028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aub:autbar:700.07","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://pareto.uab.es/wp/2007/70007.pdf","pdf_url":"http://pareto.uab.es/wp/2007/70007.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/worpap/2007/hdl_2072_4144/70007.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066553020","display_name":"Joan Maria Esteban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7123-4937","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7123-4937"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joan Esteban","raw_affiliation_strings":["Autonomous University of Barcelona"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7123-4937","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Autonomous University of Barcelona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102183600","display_name":"Debraj Ray","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debraj Ray","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14440","display_name":"Quality of Life Measurement","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11564","display_name":"Mathematical Inequalities and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization-measures","display_name":"polarization measures","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization-indices","display_name":"polarization indices","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axiomatization","display_name":"axiomatization","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-polarization","display_name":"income polarization","score":0.5090000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167729594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17736","display_name":"Axiom","level":2,"score":0.7537018060684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6113860607147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.49986791610717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4167748689651489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.381908655166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.3347693085670471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3281342685222626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.14325743913650513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.07374483346939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aub:autbar:700.07","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://pareto.uab.es/wp/2007/70007.pdf","pdf_url":"http://pareto.uab.es/wp/2007/70007.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:bge:wpaper:310","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.barcelonagse.eu/sites/default/files/working_paper_pdfs/310.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.barcelonagse.eu/sites/default/files/working_paper_pdfs/310.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ddd.uab.cat:45293","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ddd.uab.cat/record/45293","pdf_url":"https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/worpap/2007/hdl_2072_4144/70007.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400380","display_name":"Dip\u00f2sit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","host_organization_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/1699","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/1699","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/1699","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400616","display_name":"DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","host_organization_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Documento de trabajo"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.646.8902","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.646.8902","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://research.barcelonagse.eu/tmp/working_papers/310.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1521654028","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/1699/1/70007.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.recercat.cat:2072/4144","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2072/4144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402147","display_name":"RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210090028","host_organization_name":"Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ddd.uab.cat:45293","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ddd.uab.cat/record/45293","pdf_url":"https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/worpap/2007/hdl_2072_4144/70007.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400380","display_name":"Dip\u00f2sit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","host_organization_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329733","display_name":"Instituto de Estudios Fiscales","ror":"https://ror.org/042wbbv37"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1521654028.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1521654028.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2508189","https://openalex.org/W1484044859","https://openalex.org/W1577860729","https://openalex.org/W1968694980","https://openalex.org/W1975264861","https://openalex.org/W1978011186","https://openalex.org/W2027543628","https://openalex.org/W2028249473","https://openalex.org/W2044248787","https://openalex.org/W2044739107","https://openalex.org/W2056570481","https://openalex.org/W2097432728","https://openalex.org/W2098231884","https://openalex.org/W2149758946","https://openalex.org/W2149899514","https://openalex.org/W2151336732","https://openalex.org/W2169050204","https://openalex.org/W2992026066","https://openalex.org/W3122537311","https://openalex.org/W3123896475","https://openalex.org/W3126105906"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099431576","https://openalex.org/W7095950602","https://openalex.org/W2136808590","https://openalex.org/W2803401998","https://openalex.org/W2008343425","https://openalex.org/W7106713450","https://openalex.org/W7100698543","https://openalex.org/W4248066667","https://openalex.org/W4300573125","https://openalex.org/W3122946746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"provides":[2],"a":[3],"systematic":[4],"classification":[5],"of":[6,10],"the":[7,18],"different":[8],"measures":[9],"polarization":[11],"based":[12],"on":[13],"their":[14],"properties.":[15,37],"Together":[16],"with":[17],"axioms":[19],"proposed":[20],"in":[21,28],"Duclos,":[22],"Esteban":[23],"and":[24,27,30,47],"Ray":[25],"(2004)":[26],"Wang":[29],"Tsui":[31],"(2000)":[32],"we":[33],"consider":[34],"three":[35],"additional":[36],"We":[38],"examine":[39],"which":[40,48],"properties":[41],"are":[42],"common":[43],"to":[44],"all":[45],"indices":[46],"set":[49],"them":[50],"apart.":[51]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}