{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1521250293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1026512005921","title":"Testing \"Gibrat's Law\" for Young Firms \u2013 Empirical Results for West Germany","display_name":"Testing \"Gibrat's Law\" for Young Firms \u2013 Empirical Results for West Germany","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1521250293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1026512005921","mag":"1521250293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1026512005921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1026512005921","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1026512005921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41869786","display_name":"Small Business Economics","issn_l":"0921-898X","issn":["0921-898X","1573-0913"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Small Business Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007136511","display_name":"Matthias Almus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177364143","display_name":"Centre for European Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnsw591","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177364143","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Almus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Economics and International Management, ZEW, Centre for European Economic Research, P.O. Box 10 34 43, D-68034, Mannheim, Germany","Department of Industrial Economics and International Management, ZEW, Centre for European Economic Research, Mannheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Economics and International Management, ZEW, Centre for European Economic Research, P.O. Box 10 34 43, D-68034, Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177364143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Economics and International Management, ZEW, Centre for European Economic Research, Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177364143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007136511"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177364143"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1708,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":193,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94701342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gibrat-s-law","display_name":"Gibrat's law","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-growth","display_name":"business growth","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-firms","display_name":"young firms","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-size-distribution","display_name":"firm size distribution","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lognormal-distribution","display_name":"lognormal distribution","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-intensity","display_name":"technological intensity","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-firms","display_name":"manufacturing companies","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/west-germany","display_name":"West Germany","score":0.6480000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.6666205525398254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6460176110267639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.6327235102653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5936451554298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984393311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometric analysis","level":2,"score":0.5168788433074951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5116817951202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.5113167762756348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988460067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55639","display_name":"Manufacturing sector","level":2,"score":0.4682774543762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41849613189697266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.18117362260818481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1231195330619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.08100777864456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06258594989776611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1026512005921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1026512005921","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1026512005921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41869786","display_name":"Small Business Economics","issn_l":"0921-898X","issn":["0921-898X","1573-0913"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Small Business Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92767286","https://openalex.org/W197259754","https://openalex.org/W421893389","https://openalex.org/W613438446","https://openalex.org/W632515218","https://openalex.org/W644180915","https://openalex.org/W780811501","https://openalex.org/W784985205","https://openalex.org/W1490285463","https://openalex.org/W1495507237","https://openalex.org/W1510384119","https://openalex.org/W1534230820","https://openalex.org/W1568888308","https://openalex.org/W1584203732","https://openalex.org/W1585963253","https://openalex.org/W1597566404","https://openalex.org/W1606647850","https://openalex.org/W1970466444","https://openalex.org/W1979736647","https://openalex.org/W1985165060","https://openalex.org/W1996805903","https://openalex.org/W1998893513","https://openalex.org/W2000704855","https://openalex.org/W2008268713","https://openalex.org/W2014269227","https://openalex.org/W2026597745","https://openalex.org/W2026642336","https://openalex.org/W2052635557","https://openalex.org/W2057529524","https://openalex.org/W2057731017","https://openalex.org/W2067531070","https://openalex.org/W2095687027","https://openalex.org/W2108818539","https://openalex.org/W2129905273","https://openalex.org/W2144997692","https://openalex.org/W2170611725","https://openalex.org/W2230529044","https://openalex.org/W2249921565","https://openalex.org/W2256075884","https://openalex.org/W2278442142","https://openalex.org/W2279210064","https://openalex.org/W2462202102","https://openalex.org/W2889872593","https://openalex.org/W3012685020","https://openalex.org/W3021418616","https://openalex.org/W3022050436","https://openalex.org/W3121993650","https://openalex.org/W3123130592","https://openalex.org/W4251288685","https://openalex.org/W7038434185"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2565790460","https://openalex.org/W7016244600","https://openalex.org/W7097206605","https://openalex.org/W2098499862","https://openalex.org/W2024733873","https://openalex.org/W2052635557","https://openalex.org/W6977455279","https://openalex.org/W3123713065","https://openalex.org/W1974879787","https://openalex.org/W4298415678"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}