{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1520175393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v16i5.628","title":"Innovation and social entrepreneurship at the bottom of the pyramid - A conceptual framework","display_name":"Innovation and social entrepreneurship at the bottom of the pyramid - A conceptual framework","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1520175393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v16i5.628","mag":"1520175393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4102/sajems.v16i5.628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v16i5.628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v16i5.628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157344451","display_name":"South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences","issn_l":"1015-8812","issn":["1015-8812","2222-3436"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","dhet","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315322","host_organization_name":"AOSIS","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AOSIS"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v16i5.628","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014771540","display_name":"Taimoor Pervez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taimoor Pervez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swinburne University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swinburne University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065375457","display_name":"Alex Maritz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2175-7734","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2175-7734"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Maritz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swinburne university of technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swinburne university of technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079913463","display_name":"GERRIT ANTON DE WAAL","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6884-1362","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6884-1362","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7883"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anton De Waal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swinburne University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swinburne University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"],"apc_list":{"value":14604,"currency":"ZAR","value_usd":793},"apc_paid":{"value":14604,"currency":"ZAR","value_usd":793},"fwci":6.2402,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95918367,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"54","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12786","display_name":"Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12786","display_name":"Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13151","display_name":"Business Strategies and Innovation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottom-of-the-pyramid","display_name":"bottom of the pyramid","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-entrepreneurship","display_name":"social entrepreneurship","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation","display_name":"innovation","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/success-criteria","display_name":"success criteria","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-model-innovation","display_name":"business model innovation","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-innovation","display_name":"product innovation","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multinational-corporations","display_name":"multinational corporations","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonprofit-organizations","display_name":"nonprofit organizations","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-framework","display_name":"conceptual framework","score":0.7390000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779575352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q809829","display_name":"Bottom of the pyramid","level":2,"score":0.9145416617393494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158016649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161726","display_name":"Multinational corporation","level":2,"score":0.7103374004364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.6119161248207092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.6031730771064758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5854282379150391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.5114235281944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.505059540271759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779082914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817245","display_name":"Social entrepreneurship","level":3,"score":0.4632260799407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13606891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623243","display_name":"Conceptual model","level":2,"score":0.43015530705451965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4181552529335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.41252830624580383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2732485234737396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.20060434937477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08938616514205933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4102/sajems.v16i5.628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v16i5.628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v16i5.628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157344451","display_name":"South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences","issn_l":"1015-8812","issn":["1015-8812","2222-3436"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","dhet","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315322","host_organization_name":"AOSIS","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AOSIS"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma61RMIT.INST:11247931780001341","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402074","display_name":"RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","host_organization_name":"RMIT University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aeb5aa1206ff41f8915c2e3f9618daca","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aeb5aa1206ff41f8915c2e3f9618daca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, Vol 16, Iss 5, Pp 54-66 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27482631","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Innovation_and_social_entrepreneurship_at_the_bottom_of_the_pyramid_-_a_conceptual_framework/27482631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchbank.swinburne.edu.au:41c874a6-afd8-43d6-ad23-9d2827c0d23f/1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://sajems.org/index.php/sajems/issue/archive","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401157","display_name":"Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","host_organization_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, Vol. 16, no. 5 (2013), pp. 54-66","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4102/sajems.v16i5.628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v16i5.628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v16i5.628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157344451","display_name":"South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences","issn_l":"1015-8812","issn":["1015-8812","2222-3436"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-c","dhet","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315322","host_organization_name":"AOSIS","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AOSIS"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.8928999900817871},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6773999929428101}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6499999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320973","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56437918","https://openalex.org/W1486817817","https://openalex.org/W1505999675","https://openalex.org/W1863993605","https://openalex.org/W1972313765","https://openalex.org/W1973980643","https://openalex.org/W1981618835","https://openalex.org/W1984297968","https://openalex.org/W1999228258","https://openalex.org/W2055056256","https://openalex.org/W2066260496","https://openalex.org/W2083109621","https://openalex.org/W2086702682","https://openalex.org/W2088136982","https://openalex.org/W2090312322","https://openalex.org/W2115519090","https://openalex.org/W2115749709","https://openalex.org/W2148374308","https://openalex.org/W2180599833","https://openalex.org/W2187423393","https://openalex.org/W2256399239","https://openalex.org/W2582377764","https://openalex.org/W2738074780","https://openalex.org/W3122355118","https://openalex.org/W3124946861","https://openalex.org/W3125043858","https://openalex.org/W3185813605"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7038178090","https://openalex.org/W2786587005","https://openalex.org/W2351448282","https://openalex.org/W4212765778","https://openalex.org/W2603105648","https://openalex.org/W3581925","https://openalex.org/W2729323377","https://openalex.org/W2904524162","https://openalex.org/W103531356","https://openalex.org/W2618138066"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,42,59,73,99],"research":[1,60,68],"aims":[2],"to":[3,85,145,173],"identify":[4],"key":[5],"success":[6],"criteria":[7,39,130,164],"for":[8,168],"innovations":[9,90],"by":[10,91],"enterprises":[11,95,115],"targeting":[12],"the":[13,16,22,25,31,53,67,97,136,146,171],"bottom":[14,23],"of":[15,24,33,89,111,138],"pyramid.":[17],"Innovation,":[18],"social":[19,92,114],"entrepreneurship":[20],"and":[21,36,66,116,123,153,165],"economic":[26],"pyramid":[27],"are":[28,40,56],"defined":[29],"in":[30,52,109,135],"light":[32,137],"academic":[34,45,139],"literature":[35,140],"their":[37],"varied":[38],"explored.":[41],"two":[43],"different":[44],"opinions":[46],"on":[47,64],"fortune":[48],"or":[49,93,120,125],"opportunity":[50],"existing":[51],"BOP":[54,112,149,154],"markets":[55],"also":[57],"contrasted.":[58],"philosophy":[61],"is":[62,71],"based":[63],"realism":[65],"methodology":[69],"selected":[70],"inductive.":[72],"data":[74],"have":[75,102,179],"been":[76,103,160,180],"collected":[77],"through":[78],"secondary":[79],"sources":[80],"using":[81],"case":[82,100,133],"study":[83],"strategy":[84],"present":[86],"four":[87],"cases":[88],"corporate":[94],"at":[96],"BOP.":[98],"studies":[101,134],"chosen":[104],"from":[105,132,162],"a":[106,177],"variable":[107],"range":[108],"terms":[110],"countries,":[113],"multinational":[117],"companies,":[118],"for-profit":[119],"not-for-profit":[121],"organisations,":[122],"product":[124],"business":[126],"model":[127,178],"innovations.":[128],"Success":[129],"identified":[131,163],"include":[141],"going":[142],"beyond":[143],"selling":[144],"poor,":[147],"considering":[148],"groups":[150],"as":[151],"producers":[152],"engagement.":[155],"A":[156],"conceptual":[157],"framework":[158,172],"has":[159],"developed":[161],"further":[166],"recommendations":[167],"empirically":[169],"testing":[170],"turn":[174],"it":[175],"into":[176],"provided.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}