{"id":"https://openalex.org/W152014223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/923075","title":"A joint computational and experimental study to evaluate Inconel-sheathed thermocouple performance in flames.","display_name":"A joint computational and experimental study to evaluate Inconel-sheathed thermocouple performance in flames.","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W152014223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/923075","mag":"152014223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2172/923075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/923075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/923075","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/923075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sandia National Laboratories (SNL)","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/923075","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071894494","display_name":"Aaron L. Brundage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8856-7221","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8856-7221"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","display_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","ror":"https://ror.org/031478740","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I139351228","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108489","display_name":"National Technical Information Service","ror":"https://ror.org/01p92hb48","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210108489"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron Brundage","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge , TN 37831","Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Rd Springfield, VA 22161","Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831","Fire Science and Technology Sandia National Laboratories P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0836","Thermal/Fluid Experimental Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge , TN 37831","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Rd Springfield, VA 22161","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108489"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fire Science and Technology Sandia National Laboratories P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0836","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thermal/Fluid Experimental Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113554064","display_name":"Vernon F. Nicolette","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","display_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","ror":"https://ror.org/031478740","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I139351228","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108489","display_name":"National Technical Information Service","ror":"https://ror.org/01p92hb48","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210108489"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vernon Nicolette","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fire Science and Technology Sandia National Laboratories P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0836","Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Rd Springfield, VA 22161","Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831","Thermal/Fluid Experimental Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fire Science and Technology Sandia National Laboratories P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0836","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Rd Springfield, VA 22161","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108489"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thermal/Fluid Experimental Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"A Donaldson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","display_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","ror":"https://ror.org/031478740","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I139351228","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108489","display_name":"National Technical Information Service","ror":"https://ror.org/01p92hb48","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210108489"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Donaldson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Rd Springfield, VA 22161","Fire Science and Technology Sandia National Laboratories P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0836","Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831","Thermal/Fluid Experimental Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Rd Springfield, VA 22161","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108489"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fire Science and Technology Sandia National Laboratories P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0836","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thermal/Fluid Experimental Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050605000","display_name":"Sean P. Kearney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5939-1259","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5939-1259"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","display_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","ror":"https://ror.org/031478740","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I139351228","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108489","display_name":"National Technical Information Service","ror":"https://ror.org/01p92hb48","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210108489"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean Kearney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thermal/Fluid Experimental Sciences","Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Rd Springfield, VA 22161","Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831","Fire Science and Technology Sandia National Laboratories P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0836"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thermal/Fluid Experimental Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Rd Springfield, VA 22161","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108489"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fire Science and Technology Sandia National Laboratories P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0836","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113500290","display_name":"Walter Gill","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","display_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","ror":"https://ror.org/031478740","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I139351228","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108489","display_name":"National Technical Information Service","ror":"https://ror.org/01p92hb48","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210108489"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter Gill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fire Science and Technology Sandia National Laboratories P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0836","Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Rd Springfield, VA 22161","Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831","Thermal/Fluid Experimental Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fire Science and Technology Sandia National Laboratories P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0836","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Rd Springfield, VA 22161","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108489"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thermal/Fluid Experimental Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13928","display_name":"Advanced Sensor Technologies Research","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13928","display_name":"Advanced Sensor Technologies Research","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10553","display_name":"Combustion and flame dynamics","score":0.018200000748038292,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11317","display_name":"Fire dynamics and safety research","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flat-flame","display_name":"flat flame","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emissivity","display_name":"emissivity","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axial-conduction","display_name":"axial conduction","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-simulation","display_name":"fire simulation","score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soot","display_name":"soot","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inconel-600","display_name":"Inconel 600","score":0.824999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168068576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190241","display_name":"Thermocouple","level":2,"score":0.9877054691314697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778703219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898562","display_name":"Inconel","level":3,"score":0.8648232221603394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.597166121006012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163651212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899670","display_name":"Emissivity","level":2,"score":0.5339765548706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.5231931209564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172100665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7465774","display_name":"Thermal conduction","level":2,"score":0.4298684895038605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3839564025402069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.34880736470222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.24256202578544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.19255536794662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.16308027505874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1412588357925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08233845233917236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756","display_name":"Alloy","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2172/923075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/923075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/923075","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/923075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sandia National Laboratories (SNL)","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:923075","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/923075","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/923075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:info:ark/67531/metadc893207","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc893207/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400792","display_name":"University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","host_organization_name":"University of North Texas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Report"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2172/923075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/923075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/923075","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/923075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sandia National Laboratories (SNL)","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338291","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W152014223.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W152014223.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018262158","https://openalex.org/W2185654946","https://openalex.org/W4230168489"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963760341","https://openalex.org/W2101785121","https://openalex.org/W1976106904","https://openalex.org/W2165316244","https://openalex.org/W3020869432","https://openalex.org/W2080140302","https://openalex.org/W2752113534","https://openalex.org/W2161854525","https://openalex.org/W2097565870","https://openalex.org/W4300606262"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"joint":[1],"experimental":[2],"and":[3,64,98],"computational":[4],"study":[5],"was":[6],"performed":[7],"to":[8,18,58],"evaluate":[9],"the":[10,13,50,54,69,72,93,104],"capability":[11],"of":[12,49,71],"Sandia":[14],"Fire":[15],"Code":[16],"VULCAN":[17,40],"predict":[19],"thermocouple":[20,29,44,73,81],"response":[21],"temperature.":[22],"Thermocouple":[23],"temperatures":[24,45],"recorded":[25],"by":[26,38],"an":[27],"Inconel-sheathed":[28,84],"inserted":[30],"into":[31],"a":[32,87],"near-adiabatic":[33],"flat":[34],"flame":[35],"were":[36,46],"predicted":[37,43],"companion":[39],"simulations.":[41],"The":[42],"within":[47],"6%":[48],"measured":[51],"values,":[52],"with":[53,112],"error":[55],"primarily":[56],"attributable":[57],"uncertainty":[59],"in":[60,110],"Inconel":[61],"600":[62],"emissivity":[63],"axial":[65,90],"conduction":[66],"losses":[67],"along":[68],"length":[70],"assembly.":[74],"Hence,":[75],"it":[76,100],"is":[77,101],"recommended":[78,102],"that":[79,103],"future":[80],"models":[82],"(for":[83],"designs)":[85],"include":[86],"correction":[88],"for":[89,108],"conduction.":[91],"Given":[92],"remarkable":[94],"agreement":[95],"between":[96],"experiment":[97],"simulation,":[99],"analysis":[105],"be":[106],"repeated":[107],"thermocouples":[109],"flames":[111],"pollutants":[113],"such":[114],"as":[115],"soot.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
