{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1519689626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1019609420309","title":"An Example of the Difference Between Quantum and Classical Random Walks","display_name":"An Example of the Difference Between Quantum and Classical Random Walks","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1519689626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1019609420309","mag":"1519689626"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1019609420309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1019609420309","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1019609420309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92819544","display_name":"Quantum Information Processing","issn_l":"1570-0755","issn":["1570-0755","1573-1332"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0103020","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018837979","display_name":"Andrew M. Childs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9903-837X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9903-837X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew M. Childs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036253306","display_name":"Edward Farhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7309-8489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7309-8489"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Farhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022783879","display_name":"Sam Gutmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Gutmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115","Department of Mathematics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.2771,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":507,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99702748,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1-2","first_page":"35","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-walks","display_name":"quantum walks","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-random-walks","display_name":"classical random walks","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphs","display_name":"graphs","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-speedup","display_name":"exponential speedup","score":0.7829999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140058369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269113","display_name":"Quantum walk","level":4,"score":0.9235402345657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121194460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856741","display_name":"Random walk","level":2,"score":0.6826136112213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5417713522911072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.47150224447250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.45798197388648987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4508703052997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4140804708003998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4134931266307831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3941000699996948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31959402561187744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.31797266006469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2792547941207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24811851978302002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.06875470280647278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1019609420309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1019609420309","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1019609420309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92819544","display_name":"Quantum Information Processing","issn_l":"1570-0755","issn":["1570-0755","1573-1332"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quantum Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:quant-ph/0103020","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0103020","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0103020","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:489922","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/489922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0103020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0103020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0103020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:quant-ph/0103020","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0103020","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0103020","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1988422911","display_name":"LABORTORY FOR NUCLEAR         SCIENCE (BATES CERN-L3)","funder_award_id":"FC02-94ER40818","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000059507","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-FC02-94 ER40818","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1519689626.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1519689626.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1770148716","https://openalex.org/W1966092221","https://openalex.org/W1975528636","https://openalex.org/W2002689119","https://openalex.org/W2004468438","https://openalex.org/W2054665888","https://openalex.org/W2101697221","https://openalex.org/W2950549861","https://openalex.org/W3101846364","https://openalex.org/W6677055984"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3100819822","https://openalex.org/W2160185408","https://openalex.org/W4294250649","https://openalex.org/W7099745000","https://openalex.org/W2943713780","https://openalex.org/W2101697221","https://openalex.org/W6982647365","https://openalex.org/W4248802760","https://openalex.org/W148582147","https://openalex.org/W1520302490"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
